Underwater Sensor Network (USN) is the wireless network infrastructure applicable in deep ocean to detect, collect, and transmit information to a remote data acquisition location on shore. Underwater routing protocols are used to provide route information in addition to ensuring efficient data and information collection and transmission. Some routing strategies for USNs are linked to high energy consumption, high end-to-end delay and shorter network lifetime. These issues are due to unnecessary packet flooding especially during route establishment, improper selection of next hop neighbor and frequent communication for route maintenance. Considering these challenges, this paper presents a localization free energy efficient and link reliable (E²LR) routing protocol that controls unnecessary flooding of hello packets to reduce energy consumption in the information distribution phase. Further, E²LR calculates the link quality using a composite metric for next hop selection which ultimately reduces end-to-end delay and regularly updates the energy status in order to achieve optimization during routing operations. Simulation results show that E²LR exhibit higher performance than both H²-DAB and R-ERP²R in terms of energy efficiency during information distribution phase and data forwarding phase. Moreover, E²LR also shows superior performance regarding end-to-end delay, network lifetime and packet delivery ratio than compared protocols.

水下传感器网络（USN）是适用于深海的无线网络基础结构，用于检测，收集信息并将信息传输到岸上的远程数据采集位置。水下路由协议除了确保有效的数据和信息收集与传输外，还用于提供路由信息。USN的某些路由策略与高能耗，高端到端延迟和较短的网络寿命有关。这些问题是由于不必要的数据包泛滥，尤其是在路由建立期间，对下一跳邻居的选择不当以及用于路由维护的频繁通信造成的。考虑到这些挑战，本文提出了一种本地化的自由能源高效且链路可靠（E ²LR）路由协议，用于控制不必要的hello数据包泛洪，以减少信息分发阶段的能耗。此外，E ² LR使用用于下一跳选择的复合度量来计算链路质量，该度量最终会减少端到端延迟并定期更新能量状态，以便在路由选择操作期间实现优化。仿真结果表明，ë ² LR比均为H表现出更高的性能² -Dab和R-ERP ²在期间信息分配阶段转发阶段能量效率方面和数据R。此外，与比较协议相比，E ² LR在端到端延迟，网络寿命和数据包传送率方面也表现出卓越的性能。