Abstract

Lowlands of Yaounde, Cameroon are facing soil pollution due to all type of organic and inorganic wastes, particularly heavy metal due to anthropogenic activities. Identifying macrophytes species able to develop on heavy metal polluted soils remains an essential step in the phytoremediation process which used living green plants. In this study, floristic surveys using the quadrat method were conducted in lowland areas surrounded by heavy metal pollution sources activities of Yaounde to identify macrophytes species with phytoremediation capacities. Inventories were conducted in 11 polluted lowlands and results were compared to control which is an unpolluted area. A total of 189 species belonging to 138 genera distributed in 63 families were identified on polluted sites. Macrophytes diversity was higher in each polluted site compared to the control. Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, and Solanaceae families showed a higher taxonomic richness on polluted sites (23, 20, 14, 12, and 12 taxa, respectively). Shannon diversity index of the lowlands polluted sites 2.69 was significantly higher than the control 2.3. Pielou equitability index in contaminated sites (0.459–0.847) was not significantly different from the control 0.747. Based on the abundance and relative frequency (≥10%), our results show that more than 10 macrophytes species existing in these lowlands areas could be tested in preliminary trials to investigate their phytoremediation/cleaning-up capacities on polluted soils in the tropical zone.

Novelty and impacts of the submission

This study presents original results for field surveys in lowland sites polluted in Yaounde-Cameroon. The screening of 11 polluted lowlands compared to a natural lowland (unpolluted), made it possible to identify species which may exhibit the best capacities to adapt to environmental changes and to develop in contaminated areas, in particular heavy metals. This work can be a preliminary study around the species growing in contaminated lowlands. Thus, this study can be reproduced in other regions, to compare the results obtained and identify potential plants for the lowlands remediation in Cameroon.

中文翻译：

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受热带城市地区污染的一些低地植物区系调查：以喀麦隆雅温得为例

摘要

喀麦隆雅温得低地正面临各种有机和无机废物造成的土壤污染，尤其是人为活动造成的重金属。识别能够在重金属污染的土壤上发育的大型植物物种仍然是使用活的绿色植物进行植物修复过程中必不可少的一步。本研究在雅温得重金属污染源活动包围的低地地区采用样方法进行区系调查，以识别具有植物修复能力的大型植物物种。在 11 个受污染的低地进行了清查，并将结果与​​未受污染的控制区进行了比较。在污染场地共鉴定出 189 种属 138 属，分布于 63 科。与对照相比，每个污染地点的大型植物多样性更高。禾本科、菊科、豆科、锦葵科和茄科在污染场地显示出更高的分类丰富度（分别为 23、20、14、12 和 12 个分类群）。低地污染点香农多样性指数2.69明显高于对照2.3。污染场地的皮楼公平指数（0.459-0.847）与对照的0.747没有显着差异。根据丰度和相对频率（≥10%），我们的结果表明，可以在初步试验中测试这些低地地区存在的 10 多种大型植物物种，以研究它们对热带地区污染土壤的植物修复/清理能力。低地污染点香农多样性指数2.69明显高于对照2.3。污染场地的皮楼公平指数（0.459-0.847）与对照的0.747没有显着差异。根据丰度和相对频率（≥10%），我们的结果表明，可以在初步试验中测试这些低地地区存在的 10 多种大型植物物种，以研究它们对热带地区污染土壤的植物修复/清理能力。低地污染点香农多样性指数2.69明显高于对照2.3。污染场地的皮楼公平指数（0.459-0.847）与对照的0.747没有显着差异。根据丰度和相对频率（≥10%），我们的结果表明，可以在初步试验中测试这些低地地区存在的 10 多种大型植物物种，以研究它们对热带地区污染土壤的植物修复/清理能力。

提交的新颖性和影响

本研究提供了在雅温得-喀麦隆受污染的低地场地实地调查的原始结果。与天然低地（未受污染）相比，对 11 个受污染的低地进行了筛选，从而有可能识别出可能表现出适应环境变化和在受污染地区发展的最佳能力的物种，特别是重金属。这项工作可以是围绕生长在受污染低地的物种的初步研究。因此，这项研究可以在其他地区复制，以比较获得的结果并确定喀麦隆低地修复的潜在植物。