ABSTRACT

Water scarcity negatively affects maize yield, whereas biochar could enhance soil physical properties and improve the growth and water productivity (WP) of maize. Thus, field experiments were conducted with three biochar addition rates of 0 t ha⁻¹ (B₀), 25 t ha⁻¹ (B₂₅), and 50 t ha⁻¹ (B₅₀) under deficit irrigation including three levels at 60% (DI₆₀), 80% (DI₈₀), and 100% (DI₁₀₀) of the reference evapotranspiration. The results showed that growth, yield and WP of maize were higher in high biochar-amended soil than non-biochar soil. The DI₁₀₀× BC₅₀ combination showed the highest values of plant height (157 and 151 cm) and stem diameter (4.6 and 4.2 cm) providing the highest yield (10.94 and 8.72 t ha⁻¹) values, in 2017 and 2018. In opposition, the DI ₆₀× BC₀ combination, showed the lowest values of plant height (157 and 151 cm) and stem diameter (4.6 and 4.2 cm) providing the lowest yield (10.94 and 8.72 t ha−1) values. While the former combination increased soil water content and total soil porosity, the latter combination reduced their value due to the increment in bulk density of the soil. The DI₈₀× BC₅₀ had the highest WP (2.61 kg m⁻³ and 2.37 kg m⁻³) values, while DI₆₀× BC₀ achieved the lowest WP (0.78 kg m⁻³ 0.74 kg m⁻³) values. The results suggest that the DI₁₀₀× BC₅₀ can guarantee improvements in plant growth contributing to the higher yield of maize. However, the DI₈₀× BC₅₀ performed better in terms of WP of maize, therefore that combination is recommended.

摘要

缺水会对玉米产量产生负面影响，而生物炭可以增强土壤物理特性并提高玉米的生长和水分生产力（WP）。因此，田间试验采用 0 t ha ^-1 (B ₀ )、25 t ha ^-1 (B ₂₅ ) 和 50 t ha ^-1 (B ₅₀ )三种生物炭添加率在亏缺灌溉下进行，包括 60 的三个水平% (DI ₆₀ )、80% (DI ₈₀ ) 和 100% (DI ₁₀₀ ) 的参考蒸发量。结果表明，在高生物炭改良土壤中玉米的生长、产量和WP高于非生物炭土壤。DI ₁₀₀ × BC ₅₀2017 年和 2018 年，植物高度（157 和 151 厘米）和茎直径（4.6 和 4.2 厘米）的最高值提供了最高的产量（10.94 和 8.72 t ha ^-1）值。相反，DI ₆₀ × BC ₀组合显示植物高度（157 和 151 厘米）和茎直径（4.6 和 4.2 厘米）的最低值，提供最低的产量（10.94 和 8.72 t ha-1）值。虽然前一种组合增加了土壤含水量和土壤总孔隙度，但后一种组合由于土壤容重的增加而降低了它们的价值。DI ₈₀ × BC ₅₀的 WP值最高（2.61 kg m ^-3和 2.37 kg m ^-3），而 DI ₆₀× BC ₀达到最低的WP (0.78 kg m ^-3 0.74 kg m ^-3 ) 值。结果表明，DI ₁₀₀ × BC ₅₀可以保证植物生长的改善，从而提高玉米的产量。然而，DI ₈₀ × BC ₅₀在玉米的 WP 方面表现更好，因此推荐这种组合。