Research has shown that learning a known-and-unknown word combination leads to greater learning than learning an unknown word alone (Kasahara, 2010, 2011). These studies found that attaching a known adjective to an unknown noun can help learners remember the unknown noun. Kasahara (2015) found that a known verb can serve as an effective cue to remember an unknown noun in a known-and-unknown combination. To examine useful cues to learn unknown verbs, this study compared verb (unknown) + noun (known) combinations to verb (unknown) + adverb (known) combinations. Additionally, we explored how learners’ vocabulary size would affect the known-and-unknown two-word combination learning to deepen our understanding of the characteristics of students who benefit from combination learning. The participants in each group learned 18 two-word combinations consisting of the same unknown target verbs and different known cues (nouns or adverbs). The participants were provided with a five-minute learning phase and two immediate recall tests: a Single Word Test, to write down the L1 meanings of the targets, and a Combination Test, to write down the L1 meanings of the combinations. The same two tests were administered one week later. The results showed that known nouns were better cues for learning unknown verbs than known adverbs. It was also found that participants with a larger vocabulary size benefited more from two-word combination learning.

研究表明，学习一个已知和未知的单词组合比单独学习一个未知的单词带来的学习更多（Kasahara，2010，2011）。这些研究发现，将已知形容词附加到未知名词可以帮助学习者记住未知名词。Kasahara（2015）发现，已知动词可以作为记忆已知和未知组合中未知名词的有效线索。为了研究学习未知动词的有用线索，本研究将动词（未知）+名词（已知）组合与动词（未知）+副词（已知）组合进行了比较。此外，我们探索了学习者的词汇量将如何影响已知和未知的两个单词的组合学习，以加深我们对受益于组合学习的学生特征的理解。每组的参与者学习了18个两个单词的组合，包括相同的未知目标动词和不同的已知线索（名词或副词）。为参与者提供了五分钟的学习阶段和两个立即的回忆测试：一个单词测试，用于记录目标的L1含义；组合测试，用于记录组合的L1含义。一周后进行了相同的两次测试。结果表明，与已知副词相比，已知名词是学习未知动词的更好线索。还发现词汇量较大的参与者从两词组合学习中受益更多。写下目标的L1含义，然后进行组合测试，写下组合的L1含义。一周后进行了相同的两次测试。结果表明，与已知副词相比，已知名词是学习未知动词的更好线索。还发现词汇量较大的参与者从两词组合学习中受益更多。写下目标的L1含义，然后进行组合测试，写下组合的L1含义。一周后进行了相同的两次测试。结果表明，与已知副词相比，已知名词是学习未知动词的更好线索。还发现词汇量较大的参与者从两词组合学习中受益更多。