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The Plantation's Outsides: The Work of Settlement in Kalimpong, India
Comparative Studies in Society and History ( IF 1.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-25 , DOI: 10.1017/s0010417521000104
Sarah Besky

While the colonial and contemporary economy of Bengal's Himalayan foothills is most often associated with the tea plantations of Darjeeling and the Dooars, the small farms of nearby Kalimpong were also a key space in which colonial agents and missionaries worked to “settle” the mountainous terrain. Focused on Kalimpong, this article traces the trajectory of one technology of settlement, agricultural extension, from the late 1880s to the early 1940s. It highlights agricultural extension's racialized and gendered politics, as well as its implication in a long-term project that merged material (i.e., food) provision with social reproduction (i.e., childrearing, kin-making). Agricultural extension created a patchwork of relatively biodiverse small farms that historical and contemporary accounts describe as a “green belt”: a socio-ecological outside to the plantation monocultures that dominate the hills. British governors attempted to use non-plantation space for multiple ends. In this sense, their work might be termed “biopolitical,” in that it was geared toward supporting and amplifying the life chances of certain human bodies and certain botanical species. Through a series of experiments, colonial agents made calculated choices about which of these forms of life should be made to flourish, and which might be allowed to perish. Importantly, settlement, as a set of intertwined projects, did not unfold in a coherent or deliberately sequential manner. Settlement was, and continues to be, a sedimentary process.



中文翻译:

种植园的外部:印度Kal伦堡的定居工作

孟加拉国喜马拉雅山麓地区的殖民地和当代经济最经常与大吉岭和杜阿斯的茶园联系在一起,而附近的ong伦堡的小农场也是殖民者和传教士努力“定居”山区的主要空间。本文以Kal伦堡为重点,追溯了从1880年代末到1940年代初的一项定居技术,即农业推广技术的发展轨迹。它强调了农业推广的种族化和性别化政治,以及它在一个长期项目中的含义,该项目将物质(即食物)提供与社会再生产(即育儿,亲戚)相结合。农业扩展创造了一个相对生物多样化的小农场的拼凑而成,这些小农场被历史和现代描述为“绿化带”:在山丘上独占人工林单一栽培的社会生态外部环境。英国总督试图将非种植空间用于多个目的。从这个意义上讲,他们的工作可以称为“生物政治”,因为它旨在支持和扩大某些人体和某些植物物种的生命机会。通过一系列实验,殖民者做出了计算上的选择,决定应该使这些生命中的哪一种蓬勃发展,哪些可能消亡。重要的是,作为一系列相互交织的项目的解决,并没有以连贯的或有意的顺序方式进行。沉降过去是,并将继续是沉积过程。他们的工作可能被称为“生物政治学”,因为它旨在支持和扩大某些人体和某些植物物种的生命机会。通过一系列实验,殖民者做出了计算上的选择,决定应该使这些生命中的哪一种蓬勃发展,哪些可能消亡。重要的是,作为一系列相互交织的项目的解决,并没有以连贯的或有意的顺序方式进行。沉降过去是,并将继续是沉积过程。他们的工作可能被称为“生物政治学”,因为它旨在支持和扩大某些人体和某些植物物种的生命机会。通过一系列实验,殖民者做出了计算上的选择,决定应该使这些生命中的哪一种蓬勃发展,哪些可能消亡。重要的是,作为一系列相互交织的项目的解决,并没有以连贯的或有意的顺序方式进行。沉降过去是,并将继续是沉积过程。并且可能被允许灭亡。重要的是,作为一系列相互交织的项目的解决,并没有以连贯的或有意的顺序方式进行。沉降过去是,并将继续是沉积过程。并且可能被允许灭亡。重要的是,作为一系列相互交织的项目的解决,并没有以连贯的或有意的顺序方式进行。沉降过去是,并将继续是沉积过程。

更新日期:2021-03-25
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