The General Beale Pilot Project serves as a case study for the use of areawide monitoring and treatment programs for glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS), Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), and monitoring and roguing programs for grapevines infected with Xylella fastidiosa, to achieve regional management of Pierce’s disease. The Project is located in southeast Kern County, CA, and contains ~2,800 ha of citrus and grapevines grown within approximately 50 km2. For nearly 20 yr, an average of 470 traps have been used to monitor GWSS populations regionally by the California Department of Food and Agriculture, and to inform coordinated, areawide treatments by the USDA-APHIS Areawide Treatment Program to overwintering GWSS in citrus. Grape growers were responsible for treating their own vineyards, and for the roguing of infected grapevines based on surveys provided by the University of California. Herein, we provide a history of the General Beale Pilot Project, broken down into six eras based on levels of Project success, which incorporate data on GWSS captures, pesticide use, and disease incidence. We describe patterns of success related to the regional coordination of effective treatment and roguing programs that can be used by grape and neighboring citrus growers for areawide management of Pierce’s disease. We conclude by describing current and future challenges for Pierce’s disease management, including pesticide availability and resistance, GWSS refuges, the inability to detect and rogue infected vines in the year they become infected, and the sustainability of voluntary programs that rely on public funding.

中文翻译：

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通过对玻璃翅神枪手（半翅目：蝉科）和受感染葡萄藤的流氓行为进行区域性管理来控制皮尔斯病

比尔将军试点项目作为案例研究，使用玻璃翅神枪手 (GWSS)、Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) 的区域监测和治疗计划，以及感染小木霉的葡萄藤监测和流氓计划，以实现区域管理皮尔斯病。该项目位于加利福尼亚州克恩县东南部，在约 50 平方公里的范围内种植了约 2,800 公顷的柑橘和葡萄藤。近 20 年来，加州粮食和农业部平均使用 470 个诱捕器在区域内监测 GWSS 种群，并通过 USDA-APHIS 区域处理计划为柑橘越冬 GWSS 提供协调的区域处理信息。葡萄种植者负责处理自己的葡萄园，以及根据加州大学提供的调查对受感染的葡萄藤进行欺诈。在此，我们提供了比尔将军试点项目的历史，根据项目成功程度分为六个时期，其中包含 GWSS 捕获、杀虫剂使用和疾病发病率的数据。我们描述了与有效治疗和流氓计划的区域协调相关的成功模式，这些计划可以被葡萄和邻近的柑橘种植者用于皮尔斯病的区域管理。最后，我们描述了皮尔斯病管理当前和未来面临的挑战，包括杀虫剂的可用性和抗性、GWSS 避难所、在受感染的年份无法检测和欺骗受感染的葡萄藤，以及依赖公共资金的自愿计划的可持续性。