Anthropogenic climate change is predicted to cause shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns that will be detrimental for global agriculture. Developing comprehensive strategies for building climate resilient agroecosystems is critical for maintaining future crop production. Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) is highly sensitive to the quantity and timing of precipitation, so alterations in precipitation patterns that are predicted under climate change are likely to be a major challenge for maintaining coffee agroecosystems. We assessed cultivar selection as a potential component of more resilient coffee agroecosystems by evaluating water stress responses among five Arabica coffee cultivars (clonal hybrids H10 and H1 and seedling lines Catuai 44, Catuai, and Villa Sarchi) using a precipitation reduction experiment in the highlands of Tarrazú, Costa Rica. During the first harvest (eighteen months after planting), plants under the rainout treatment had 211 % greater total fruit weight and over 50 % greater biomass than under the control treatment, potentially due to protection from unusually high rainfall during this period of our experiment. At the second harvest (30 months after planting), after a year of more typical rainfall, plants under rainout still produced 66 % more fruit by weight than under control. The magnitude of the responses varied among cultivars where, at the first harvest, H10 and H1 had approximately 92 % and 81 % greater fruit production and 18 % and 22 % greater biomass, respectively, and at the second harvest H10 had 60 % more fruit production than the overall average. Thus, our findings suggest that the hybrid lines H10 and H1 are more resilient than the other cultivars to the stress of high soil moisture. Overall, our results indicate that stress due to higher than average rainfall could impair coffee plant growth and production, and that cultivar selection is likely to be an important tool for maintaining the viability of coffee production, and the resilience of global agroecosystems more generally, under climate change.

中文翻译：

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杂交咖啡品种可以增强农业生态系统对气候变化的适应力

预计人为气候变化将导致温度和降水模式发生变化，这将对全球农业造成不利影响。制定建立气候适应型农业生态系统的综合战略对于维持未来的作物生产至关重要。阿拉比卡咖啡（Coffea arabica）对降水的数量和时间高度敏感，因此在气候变化下预测的降水模式变化可能是维持咖啡农业生态系统的主要挑战。我们通过在阿拉比卡高地进行降水减少实验评估五个阿拉比卡咖啡品种（克隆杂交种 H10 和 H1 以及幼苗系 Catuai 44、Catuai 和 Villa Sarchi）之间的水分胁迫响应，评估品种选择作为更具弹性的咖啡农业生态系统的潜在组成部分。塔拉苏，哥斯达黎加。在第一次收获期间（种植后 18 个月），与对照处理相比，雨淋处理的植物总果实重量增加 211%，生物量增加超过 50%，这可能是由于在我们的实验期间防止异常高的降雨。在第二次收获时（种植后 30 个月），经过一年更典型的降雨后，降雨下的植物仍比对照下多产 66% 的果实。不同品种的反应幅度不同，在第一次收获时，H10 和 H1 的果实产量分别增加了大约 92% 和 81%，生物量分别增加了 18% 和 22%，而在第二次收获时，H10 的果实增加了 60%产量高于整体平均水平。因此，我们的研究结果表明，杂交品系 H10 和 H1 比其他品种更能抵御高土壤水分的胁迫。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，由于降雨量高于平均水平而导致的压力可能会损害咖啡植物的生长和生产，而品种选择可能是维持咖啡生产活力的重要工具，以及更普遍的全球农业生态系统的恢复力。气候变化。