Changing hydrological processes and soil characteristics are of major environmental concern in surface mining. Runoff may be the best factor for determining the efficiency of rehabilitation after this type of mining, and needs more in-depth studies, but the environmental factors require more attention in order to control that runoff. The objective of this study was to compare the runoff during post-mining rehabilitation after the extraction of bauxite with that before mining, and to identify the factors that most affect it. Runoff from before the mining operations and during the rehabilitation after those operations were collected in seven plots in the area of a bauxite mine in southeastern Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The physical-environmental and anthropic factors interfering with the runoff were characterized for both periods, and their results were submitted to principal component analysis to define the parameters, which most demand attention in the mining rehabilitation stage. This study provides the first records of runoff in the field in areas rehabilitated after surface mining in Brazil, where the runoff decreased (1.75-times or 42.79%) from 0.76 to 0.30% of the precipitation during rehabilitation, compared to the reference area. The total porosity, density, and resistance of the soil, associated with the maintenance of slope, surface roughness, and vegetation cover, are the factors demanding more attention during the rehabilitation stage of surface mining in order to minimize runoff.

中文翻译：

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巴西东南部铝土矿开采后进行土壤修复的地区的地表径流

在露天采矿中，不断变化的水文过程和土壤特征是主要的环境问题。径流可能是确定这种类型采矿后复垦效率的最佳因素，需要进行更深入的研究，但是为了控制径流，需要更多注意环境因素。这项研究的目的是比较铝土矿开采后与采矿前的开采后恢复过程中的径流，并确定对其影响最大的因素。在巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州东南部某铝土矿区的七个矿区中，收集了采矿作业之前的径流和作业之后的恢复期的径流。在这两个时期都对干扰径流的物理环境和人类因素进行了表征，然后将其结果提交给主成分分析以定义参数，这些参数在采矿修复阶段最受关注。这项研究提供了巴西地表采矿后恢复地区的野外径流的首次记录，与参考地区相比，该地区的径流从恢复期间的降水量的0.76％下降到了1.36倍（42.79％）至0.30％。土壤的总孔隙率，密度和阻力与坡度，表面粗糙度和植被覆盖率的维持有关，是在露天采矿的恢复阶段中需要引起更多注意以最小化径流的因素。这项研究提供了巴西地表采矿后恢复地区的野外径流的首次记录，与参考地区相比，该地区的径流从恢复期间的降水量的0.76％下降到了1.36倍（42.79％）至0.30％。土壤的总孔隙率，密度和阻力与坡度，表面粗糙度和植被覆盖率的维持相关，是在露天采矿的修复阶段中需要引起更多关注以最小化径流的因素。这项研究提供了巴西地表采矿后恢复地区的野外径流的首次记录，与参考地区相比，该地区的径流从恢复期间的降水量的0.76％下降到了1.36倍（42.79％）至0.30％。土壤的总孔隙率，密度和阻力与坡度，表面粗糙度和植被覆盖率的维持相关，是在露天采矿的修复阶段中需要引起更多关注以最小化径流的因素。