A thousand villages disappeared in Czechia during the course of historic development. There are two basic causes of the disappearance of villages: artificial human intervention (planned changes or hostile liquidation) and gradual depopulation due to remoteness and poor conditions for development, possibly in combination with natural disasters. The greatest number of extinct villages is related to the period after World War II, when many villages in the borderland, from which the German population was displaced, were demolished or abandoned. The aim of the article is to clarify the causes of the extinction of villages, its impact on the landscape and on the settlement system, as well as the possibilities of preserving the historical and cultural memory of extinct places. Finally, the danger of extinction of villages at the present time is discussed. This article points out that it is currently not necessary or effective to have the dense network of settlements that was present in the Middle Ages, when the population density was conditional to the limited technological potential of agriculture and transport. The main argument for preserving villages is their spiritual and cultural value, and their genius loci. However, this can be preserved without keeping the physical structure. At this time, the smallest settlements are changing from being permanently inhabited, to becoming second homes sites.

中文翻译：

---

第二次世界大战以来摩拉维亚和西里西亚捷克部分村庄的人口减少和灭绝

在历史发展过程中，捷克共和国有一千个村庄消失了。村庄消失的两个基本原因：人为干预（有计划的变化或敌对的清算）和由于偏远和发展条件差（可能与自然灾害结合）而导致的人口逐渐减少。绝灭的村庄数量最多，与第二次世界大战后的时期有关，当时边境地区的许多村庄（德国人口流离失所）被拆毁或废弃。本文的目的是弄清村庄灭绝的原因，其对景观和定居系统的影响，以及保留灭绝地点的历史和文化记忆的可能性。最后，讨论了当前村庄灭绝的危险。本文指出，当人口密度以有限的农业和运输技术潜力为条件时，拥有中世纪存在的密集的定居网络目前是不必要或有效的。保护村庄的主要论据是其精神和文化价值以及其天才所在地。但是，可以在不保留物理结构的情况下保留它。这时，最小的定居点正在从永久居住变成第二居所。保护村庄的主要论据是其精神和文化价值以及其天才所在地。但是，可以在不保留物理结构的情况下保留它。这时，最小的定居点正在从永久居住变成第二居所。保护村庄的主要论据是其精神和文化价值以及其天才所在地。但是，可以在不保留物理结构的情况下保留它。这时，最小的定居点正在从永久居住变成第二居所。