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Constructing Ebola martyrs, warriors, and saviours: online heroisation in a context of risk and unease
Health, Risk & Society ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-24 , DOI: 10.1080/13698575.2021.1902954
Melissa Roy 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Nicolas Moreau 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Cécile Rousseau 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Arnaud Mercier 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Andrew Wilson 1 , Jean-Pierre Dozon 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Laëtitia Atlani-Duault 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Affiliation  

The perception of epidemic risk has been associated with the production of narratives in which figures such as villains and heroes emerge. This article critically analyzes social media users’ construction of heroic figures during the 2013–2016 Ebola epidemic. We used international Twitter and Facebook comments as our raw material, collected by key word extraction. A thematic analysis resulted in a descriptive typology of three heroic figures: the martyr, the warrior, and the saviour. Our analysis showed that heroic status (highly associated with willingness to take high risks on behalf of others) was mostly conferred on common individuals and ‘insiders’ living in the Ebola-afflicted communities – often deemed ‘unsung’ – rather than the foreigners frequently heroised in previous crises. We deconstruct this heroisation dynamic, showing that it is a socially strategic move because it is embedded in a potential instrumentalization of heroes. First, this production of ‘everyday heroes’ may encourage the involvement of lay people in the epidemic response, by conveying that anyone can become a health hero. Second, we show that this heroisation process maintains the status quo by encouraging adherence to biomedical discourses, and by individualising the narrative and neglecting the structural changes needed to address the epidemic. Finally, we caution against discourses that seem socially ‘progressive’ but may be used as a smokescreen to hide discriminatory dynamics, and we recommend changes in communication strategies.



中文翻译:

建造埃博拉烈士,战士和救世主:在冒险和不安的背景下进行在线英雄化

流行风险的感知与叙事的产生有关,在叙事中出现了诸如恶棍和英雄之类的人物。本文对2013-2016年埃博拉疫情期间社交媒体用户对英雄人物的建构进行了批判性分析。我们使用国际Twitter和Facebook评论作为我们的原材料,并通过关键词提取来收集信息。主题分析得出三个英雄人物的描述性类型学:烈士,战士和救世主。我们的分析表明,英勇地位(与代表他人承担高风险的意愿高度相关)主要是赋予生活在埃博拉疫情社区的普通人和“内幕人士”(通常被视为“无名氏”),而不是经常被英雄化的外国人在以前的危机中。我们解构了这种英雄化动态,说明这是一项具有社会战略意义的举措,因为它已嵌入到潜在的英雄化工具中。首先,这种“日常英雄”的产生可能传达出任何人都可以成为健康英雄,从而鼓励外行人参与流行病应对。其次,我们表明,这种英雄化过程通过鼓励人们坚持使用生物医学话语,个性化叙事并忽略应对流行病的结构变化来维持现状。最后,我们告诫不要使用看起来在社会上“进步”但可用作隐藏歧视动态的烟幕的话语,并建议更改沟通策略。通过表达任何人都可以成为健康英雄,这种“日常英雄”的产生可能鼓励外行人参与流行病应对。其次,我们表明,这种英雄化过程通过鼓励人们坚持使用生物医学话语,个性化叙事并忽略应对流行病的结构变化来维持现状。最后,我们告诫不要使用看起来在社会上“进步”但可用作隐藏歧视动态的烟幕的话语,并建议更改沟通策略。通过表达任何人都可以成为健康英雄,这种“日常英雄”的产生可能鼓励外行人参与流行病应对。其次,我们表明,这种英雄化过程通过鼓励人们坚持使用生物医学话语,个性化叙事并忽略应对流行病的结构变化来维持现状。最后,我们告诫不要使用看起来在社会上“进步”但可用作隐藏歧视动态的烟幕的话语,并建议更改沟通策略。并通过个性化叙述并忽略解决该流行病所需的结构变化。最后,我们告诫不要使用看起来在社会上“进步”但可用作隐藏歧视动态的烟幕的话语,并建议更改沟通策略。并通过个性化叙述并忽略解决该流行病所需的结构变化。最后,我们告诫不要使用看起来在社会上“进步”但可被用作掩盖歧视性动态的烟幕的话语,我们建议更改沟通策略。

更新日期:2021-04-20
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