This study aims to promote consistent observations of sacralization, a relatively common form of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV). Sacralization can inform on genetic affiliation. There are four types, ranging from enlarged transverse processes to bony ankylosis. Complete sacralization reportedly occurs in 1.5%–14% of archeological and modern populations, yet clinical studies can conflate types, resulting in rates as high as 46%. Archeologically obtained sacra and lower lumbar vertebrae from two historical shipwrecks (16th century English warship Mary Rose and 17th century Swedish warship Kronan) are compared via gross observation. These semi-documented individuals, fit enough to be on a warship during battle, have a documented cause, manner, and date of death. The assemblages yield 120 sacra; complete sacralization is compared between the crews. Both crude and true prevalence of bony ankyloses are recorded with χ² analyses testing significance. Both samples have 16.7% true prevalence of complete sacralization, with 38.3% of Mary Rose sacra and 26.7% of Kronan sacra showing some variant of LSTV. It is possible the high rates of sacralization shown in both crews are related to the samples being drawn from similar populations: a Swedish clinical study finds a similar rate of 13.9% for “complete” sacralization. However, reported rates of less than 1.0% in other archeological samples suggest that true sacralization is inconsistently recognized. Finally, clinical and archeological studies either conflate all types or fail to state their diagnostic criteria, reducing the ability to accurately compare findings.

中文翻译：

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Mary Rose 和 Kronan 组合中的神圣化：记录不一致的异常

本研究旨在促进对骶化的一致观察，骶化是一种相对常见的腰骶过渡椎骨 (LSTV)。神圣化可以告知遗传从属关系。有四种类型，从扩大的横突到骨性强直。据报道，1.5% 到 14% 的考古和现代人群发生了完全的神圣化，但临床研究可以将类型混为一谈，导致比例高达 46%。通过粗略观察比较了从考古学上获得的两艘历史沉船（16 世纪英国军舰玛丽罗斯号和 17 世纪瑞典军舰克罗南号）的骶骨和下腰椎。这些半记录在案的人，足以在战斗中登上战舰，有记录在案的原因、方式和死亡日期。组合产生 120 个骶骨；船员之间比较完全的神圣化。骨性强直症的粗略和真实流行率都记录在χ ²分析检验显着性。两个样本的完全骶化的真实患病率为 16.7%，其中 38.3% 的Mary Rose骶骨和 26.7% 的Kronan sacra 显示出 LSTV 的某些变体。两名船员显示的高神圣化率可能与从相似人群中抽取的样本有关：瑞典的一项临床研究发现，“完全”神圣化的比率相似，为 13.9%。然而，在其他考古样本中报告的比率低于 1.0% 表明真正的神圣化是不一致的。最后，临床和考古研究要么将所有类型混为一谈，要么无法说明其诊断标准，从而降低了准确比较发现的能力。