ABSTRACT

This study highlights the potential of hand-held digital cameras and SFM-MVS to produce a 3D reconstruction of individual trees at the single tree level in a deciduous and uneven-aged forest (faculty of natural resource, Tarbiat Modares University-area with about 2400 m² and 35 trees). A high coefficient of the determinant (R²= 98%) was observed between DBH derived from both filed measurements and the SfM-MVS technique. The percentage of the coefficient of variation of the root mean square error (CV(RMSE)%) and Bias of the technique to estimate DBH of the trees were 5.66% and −0.09%, respectively. The technique demonstrated a good linear relationship between the estimated tree height via field measurement and SfM-MVS (R²= 89%), with a percentage of 14.84 for CV(RMSE)% and −11.27 for Bias. Furthermore, the technique’s performance in the 3D reconstruction of single trees showed an omission of 11.42%, commission error of 0%, and overall accuracy of 88.57%. The technique exhibited an accuracy of about −0.33 m for estimating trees’ location in the forest area. Finally, the findings suggested combining the SfM-MVS technique with a digital camera could be useful for 3D reconstruction of single trees and estimating tree attributes in uneven-aged and multi-structure forests.

摘要

这项研究强调了手持数码相机和SFM-MVS可以在落叶和不均匀年龄的森林中的单个树木水平上对单个树木进行3D重建的潜力（Tarbiat Modares大学自然资源系，约有2400个m ²和35棵树）。在两个领域的测量值和SfM-MVS技术得出的DBH之间观察到较高的行列式系数（R ² = 98％）。树木均方根误差的变异系数（CV（RMSE）％）和偏倚估计树的DBH的百分比分别为5.66％和-0.09％。该技术证明了通过现场测量估计的树高与SfM-MVS（R ²= 89％），CV（RMSE）％的百分比为14.84，偏置的百分比为-11.27。此外，该技术在单棵树的3D重建中的性能显示遗漏了11.42％，佣金误差为0％，总准确度为88.57％。该技术表现出大约-0.33 m的精度，可用于估计树木在森林区域中的位置。最后，研究结果表明，将SfM-MVS技术与数码相机相结合可用于单棵树木的3D重建，以及估计年龄不均和多结构森林中的树木属性。