Introduction

As early adolescents have limited capacities for self-regulating electronic media use (EMU), parental monitoring is needed. However, research has shown that parents do not exert much monitoring over their children's EMU. A theory-based approach may help to identify key predictors of parental monitoring and its effects on adolescents' EMU. Applying the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), this study examined maternal psycho-social predictors of maternal monitoring of EMU and, subsequently, children's EMU.

Methods

In Switzerland, 105 mother-adolescent dyads participated in an observational study with two time points (baseline, T1, and follow-up, T2) two weeks apart. Mothers (M_age = 43.83 years, SD = 4.45) reported on their HAPA variables and their children's EMU. Adolescents (M_age = 12.13 years, SD = 0.99; 60 girls and 45 boys) also reported their EMU.

Results

Maternal outcome expectancies (T1) for less EMU were positively related (β = 0.25) with their intention to monitor EMU (T1). Further, intention was positively associated (β = 0.45) with planning to monitor EMU (T1) which in turn predicted marginally (β = 0.18) maternal monitoring (T2). No significant associations were found between maternal monitoring (T2) and adolescents’ EMU (T2) reported by mothers and adolescents.

Conclusions

Contrary to hypotheses derived from the HAPA, findings demonstrate that not all the HAPA variables are linked to maternal monitoring of adolescents’ EMU. More research is thus needed to identify antecedents and consequences of different strategies of maternal monitoring.

中文翻译：

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从母亲的角度来看：母亲监测策略和青少年电子媒体使用的心理社会预测因素

介绍

由于早期青少年自我调节电子媒体使用 (EMU) 的能力有限，因此需要家长监督。然而，研究表明，父母并没有对孩子的 EMU 进行太多监控。基于理论的方法可能有助于确定父母监控的关键预测因素及其对青少年 EMU 的影响。本研究应用健康行动过程方法 (HAPA)，检查了母亲监测 EMU 以及随后儿童 EMU 的母亲心理社会预测因素。

方法

在瑞士，105 名母亲-青少年二人参加了一项观察性研究，两个时间点（基线，T1 和随访，T2）相隔两周。母亲（M_年龄 = 43.83 岁，SD  = 4.45）报告了她们的 HAPA 变量和她们孩子的 EMU。青少年（M_年龄 = 12.13 岁，SD  = 0.99；60 名女孩和 45 名男孩）也报告了他们的 EMU。

结果

较少 EMU 的产妇预期结果 (T1) 与其监测 EMU (T1) 的意图呈正相关 (β = 0.25)。此外，意图与计划监测 EMU (T1) 呈正相关 (β = 0.45)，而后者又略微预测 (β = 0.18) 母体监测 (T2)。母亲和青少年报告的母亲监测 (T2) 和青少年 EMU (T2) 之间没有发现显着关联。

结论

与源自 HAPA 的假设相反，研究结果表明并非所有 HAPA 变量都与母亲对青少年 EMU 的监测有关。因此，需要更多的研究来确定不同孕产妇监测策略的前因和后果。