The climate‐vegetation coupling exerts a strong control on terrestrial carbon budgets and will affect the future evolution of global climate under continued anthropogenic forcing. Nonetheless, the effects of climatic conditions on such coupling at specific times in the growing season remain poorly understood. We quantify the climate‐vegetation coupling in Europe over 1982–2014 at multiple spatial and temporal scales, by decomposing sub‐seasonal anomalies of vegetation greenness using a grid‐wise definition of the growing season. We base our analysis on long‐term vegetation indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and two‐band Enhanced Vegetation Index), growing conditions (including 2m temperature, downwards surface solar radiation, and root‐zone soil moisture), and multiple teleconnection indices that reflect the large‐scale climatic conditions over Europe. We find that the large‐scale climate‐vegetation coupling during the first two months of the growing season largely determines the full‐year coupling. The North Atlantic Oscillation and Scandinavian Pattern phases one‐to‐two months before the start of the growing season are the dominant and contrasting drivers of the early growing season climate‐vegetation coupling over large parts of boreal and temperate Europe. The East Atlantic Pattern several months in advance of the growing season exerts a strong control on the temperate belt and the Mediterranean region. The strong role of early growing season anomalies in vegetative activity within the growing season emphasizes the importance of a grid‐wise definition of the growing season when studying the large‐scale climate‐vegetation coupling in Europe.

中文翻译：

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植被活动的早期生长季节异常决定了欧洲的大规模气候-植被耦合

气候-植被耦合对陆地碳预算有很强的控制力，并将在持续的人为强迫下影响全球气候的未来演变。然而，在生长季节的特定时间，气候条件对这种耦合的影响仍然知之甚少。通过使用生长季节的网格定义分解植被的绿色亚季节异常，我们在多个时空尺度上量化了欧洲1982-2014年的气候-植被耦合。我们的分析基于长期植被指数（归一化植被指数和两波段增强植被指数），生长条件（包括2m温度，向下的地面太阳辐射和根区土壤水分），以及反映欧洲大范围气候条件的多个遥相关指数。我们发现，生长期前两个月的大规模气候-植被耦合在很大程度上决定了全年的耦合。生长季节开始前一到两个月的北大西洋涛动和斯堪的纳维亚模式阶段是欧洲北部和温带大部分地区早期生长季节气候-植被耦合的主要因素和形成鲜明对比的驱动因素。生长季节提前数月的东大西洋格局对温带和地中海地区产生了强有力的控制作用。