Organic tomato growers in West Virginia and neighboring states suffer serious economic losses each year due to soil-borne wilt diseases caused by fungal pathogens including Verticillium dahliae. This study determined the efficacies of biological control agents (BCAs – Serenade SOIL and Prestop), bio-fumigants and transplants grafted to a resistant rootstock in suppressing wilt disease in heirloom tomato cv. Mortgage Lifter in a certified organic production system in West Virginia in two consecutive years. Prestop and Serenade treatments resulted in higher seedling vigor at the early stage. However, within 40 days of field set in the fungal pathogen infested soil, grafted transplants (on resistant rootstock Maxifort) had the highest vigor followed by BCA treatments, biofumigation with mustard cover crop and mustard meal and was lowest in nontreated control. All treatments showed significantly lower Verticillium wilt severity index than control except mustard cover crop and Prestop in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Total fruit harvested over a six-week period indicated that yield from all but mustard cover crop treatment were significantly (P < 0.001) higher compared to the nontreated control in 2015. However, results from 2016 indicated that mustard cover crop would work best for both disease suppression and yield enhancement when tissues were well macerated and incorporated immediately in the soil and covered with impervious plastic for up to 10 days. In 2016, all treatments except Prestop produced higher tomato yield than the nontreated control. In general, yield advantage over nontreated were in the order of grafted > bio-fumigation > BCA treatments > nontreated check. Between two BCAs, Bacillus subtilis (Serenade) consistently provided better disease suppression and improved yield compared with Gliocladium catenulatum (Prestop) in both years. Grafted plants produced 9.1 and 10.0 kg tomatoes/plant in 2015 and 2016, respectively, compared with only 5.0 kg in nontreated control. Our results suggest that grafted transplants, biofumigation and selected BCA should be useful for sustainable management of tomato wilt disease in organic production systems. An economic analysis indicated that grafted tomato can provide the greatest net revenue followed by mustard meal biofumigation in farms infested with wilt causing pathogen.

西维吉尼亚州和邻近州的有机番茄种植者每年因真菌病原体（包括黄萎病）引起的土壤传播的枯萎病而遭受严重的经济损失。这项研究确定了生物防治剂（BCA – Serenade SOIL和Prestop），生物熏蒸剂和嫁接到抗性砧木的移植物在抑制传家宝番茄简历中的枯萎病方面的功效。连续两年在西维吉尼亚州通过有机认证的生产系统中的抵押抵押吊具。预先停止和小夜曲处理可以在早期提高幼苗活力。然而，在真菌病原体侵染的土壤中，在田间环境的40天之内，嫁接的移植物（在抗性砧木Maxifort上）具有最高的活力，其次是BCA处理，芥末覆盖作物和芥末粕的生物熏蒸，而未处理的对照最低。除芥末覆盖作物和Prestop分别于2015年和2016年外，所有处理均显示黄萎病严重程度指数显着低于对照。在六周的时间内收获的水果总量表明，除芥末覆盖作物处理外，所有其他作物的产量均比2015年未处理的对照显着提高（P <0.001）。但是，2016年的结果表明，芥菜覆盖作物对两种作物均表现最佳当组织充分浸软并立即掺入土壤并用不透水的塑料覆盖长达10天时，可抑制疾病并提高产量。2016年，除Prestop以外的所有处理均产生了比未处理对照更高的番茄产量。通常，与未处理相比，产量优势按嫁接>生物熏蒸> BCA处理>未处理检查的顺序进行。在两个BCA之间，001）比2015年未处理的对照要高。但是，2016年的结果表明，当组织充分浸软并立即掺入土壤并用不透水的塑料覆盖达最长时间时，芥菜覆盖作物对抑制疾病和提高产量均效果最佳。 10天。2016年，除Prestop以外的所有处理均产生了比未处理对照更高的番茄产量。通常，与未处理相比，产量优势按嫁接>生物熏蒸> BCA处理>未处理检查的顺序进行。在两个BCA之间，001）比2015年未处理的对照要高。但是，2016年的结果表明，当组织充分浸软并立即掺入土壤并用不透水的塑料覆盖达最长时间时，芥菜覆盖作物对抑制疾病和提高产量均效果最佳。 10天。2016年，除Prestop以外的所有处理均产生了比未处理对照更高的番茄产量。通常，与未处理相比，产量优势按嫁接>生物熏蒸> BCA处理>未处理检查的顺序进行。在两个BCA之间，除Prestop以外的所有处理均比未处理的对照产生更高的番茄产量。通常，与未处理相比，产量优势按嫁接>生物熏蒸> BCA处理>未处理检查的顺序进行。在两个BCA之间，除Prestop以外的所有处理均比未处理的对照产生更高的番茄产量。通常，与未处理相比，产量优势按嫁接>生物熏蒸> BCA处理>未处理检查的顺序进行。在两个BCA之间，枯草芽孢杆菌（小夜曲）持续提供更好的疾病抑制和提高产量较粘帚catenulatum在这两年（的prestop）。嫁接的植物在2015年和2016年分别生产了9.1和10.0公斤西红柿/植物，而未经处理的对照中只有5.0公斤。我们的结果表明，嫁接移植，生物熏蒸和选择的BCA应该对有机生产系统中番茄枯萎病的可持续管理有用。一项经济分析表明，嫁接的番茄可以提供最大的净收入，其次是在引起枯萎病原体的农场进行芥菜粕生物熏蒸。