Extreme precipitation is a major challenge affecting the normal functions of urban transportation, particularly in the context of climate change. National and municipal administrations have responded to the increased probability of extreme precipitation events by expanding drainage facilities, or by warning the public in time. In this study, we applied a dynamic system framework to examine how the interdependent factors in extreme precipitation from engineering and society interact with each other and form an adaptive system. Based on the concept of a complex adaptive system, we identified the adaptive units and paths of the system. We set the model parameters using data from Shanghai, and simulated the dynamic process of the system to 2032. We found that the effects of extreme precipitation on an urban transportation infrastructure can be controlled based on the long-term operation of the adaptive system, and that the adaptive units in the physical, social, and economic subsystems are connected with each other.

极端降水是影响城市交通正常运行的主要挑战，特别是在气候变化的背景下。国家和市政当局已经通过扩大排水设施或及时警告公众来应对极端降水事件增加的可能性。在这项研究中，我们应用了动态系统框架来研究工程和社会极端降水中的相互依存因素如何相互影响，并形成一个适应性系统。基于复杂自适应系统的概念，我们确定了系统的自适应单元和路径。我们使用来自上海的数据来设置模型参数，并模拟了到2032年的系统动态过程。