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Awareness is necessary for attentional biases by location–reward association
Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-23 , DOI: 10.3758/s13414-021-02280-7
Chisato Mine , Takemasa Yokoyama , Yuji Takeda

Many studies have reported attentional biases based on feature–reward associations. However, the effects of location–reward associations on attentional selection remain less well-understood. Unlike feature cases, a previous study that induced participants’ awareness of the location–reward association by instructing them to look for a high-reward location has suggested the critical role of goal-driven manipulations in such associations. In this study, we investigated whether the reward effect occurred without goal-driven manipulations if participants were spontaneously aware of the location–reward association. We conducted three experiments using a visual search task that included four circles where participants received rewards; one possible target location was associated with a high reward, and another with a low reward. In Experiment 1, the target was presented among distractors, and participants had to search for the target. The results showed a faster reaction time in the high-reward rather than the low-reward locations only in participants aware of the location–reward association, even if they were not required to look for the association. Moreover, in Experiment 2, we replicated the main findings of Experiment 1, even when the target had an abrupt visual onset to restrict goal-driven manipulations. Furthermore, Experiment 3 confirmed that the effect observed in Experiment 2 could not be attributed to the initial eye position. These findings suggest that goal-driven manipulations are unnecessary for inducing reward biases to high-reward locations. We concluded that awareness of the association rather than goal-driven manipulations is crucial for the location–reward effect.



中文翻译:

位置-奖励关联对注意偏见的认识是必要的

许多研究报告了基于特征-奖励关联的注意力偏差。但是,位置-奖励关联对注意选择的影响仍然缺乏很好的理解。与功能案例不同,以前的一项研究通过指示参与者寻找高奖励位置来诱导参与者对位置-奖励关联的意识,这表明目标驱动操作在此类关联中起着至关重要的作用。在这项研究中,我们调查了如果参与者自发地意识到位置与奖励的关联,那么在没有目标驱动的操纵的情况下,奖励效果是否会发生。我们使用视觉搜索任务进行了三个实验,其中包括四个圈子,参与者从中获得了奖励;一个可能的目标位置与高奖励相关联,而另一个位置与低奖励相关联。在实验1中,目标是在干扰者中提出的,参与者必须搜索目标。结果表明,仅在知道位置-奖励关联的参与者中,即使不需要他们寻找关联,高奖励位置的反应时间也比低奖励位置的反应时间短。此外,在实验2中,即使目标具有突然的视觉发作以限制目标驱动的操作,我们也重复了实验1的主要发现。此外,实验3证实了在实验2中观察到的效果不能归因于初始眼睛位置。这些发现表明,目标驱动的操纵对于将奖励偏差引向高奖励位置是不必要的。我们得出的结论是,对于协会而不是目标驱动的操纵的认识对于位置奖励效果至关重要。

更新日期:2021-03-24
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