To lay the foundation for the special issue that this research article introduces, we present 1) a systematic review of existing literature on the implications of the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in public governance and 2) develop a research agenda. First, an assessment based on 26 articles on this topic reveals much exploratory, conceptual, qualitative, and practice-driven research in studies reflecting the increasing complexities of using AI in government – and the resulting implications, opportunities, and risks thereof for public governance. Second, based on both the literature review and the analysis of articles included in this special issue, we propose a research agenda comprising eight process-related recommendations and seven content-related recommendations. Process-wise, future research on the implications of the use of AI for public governance should move towards more public sector-focused, empirical, multidisciplinary, and explanatory research while focusing more on specific forms of AI rather than AI in general. Content-wise, our research agenda calls for the development of solid, multidisciplinary, theoretical foundations for the use of AI for public governance, as well as investigations of effective implementation, engagement, and communication plans for government strategies on AI use in the public sector. Finally, the research agenda calls for research into managing the risks of AI use in the public sector, governance modes possible for AI use in the public sector, performance and impact measurement of AI use in government, and impact evaluation of scaling-up AI usage in the public sector.

为了为本研究文章介绍的特殊问题奠定基础，我们提出 1) 对现有文献的系统回顾，这些文献涉及人工智能 (AI) 在公共治理中的应用，以及 2) 制定研究议程。首先，基于关于该主题的 26 篇文章的评估揭示了许多探索性、概念性、定性和实践驱动的研究，这些研究反映了在政府中使用人工智能的日益复杂性——以及由此产生的对公共治理的影响、机遇和风险。其次，基于文献综述和对本特刊中文章的分析，我们提出了一个研究议程，包括八项与流程相关的建议和七项与内容相关的建议。流程方面，未来关于使用人工智能对公共治理的影响的研究应该转向更多以公共部门为重点、实证、多学科和解释性的研究，同时更多地关注人工智能的特定形式，而不是一般的人工智能。在内容方面，我们的研究议程要求为将人工智能用于公共治理发展坚实的、多学科的理论基础，以及对政府在公共部门使用人工智能的战略的有效实施、参与和沟通计划进行调查. 最后，研究议程呼吁研究管理公共部门使用人工智能的风险、公共部门使用人工智能的可能治理模式、政府使用人工智能的绩效和影响衡量以及扩大人工智能使用的影响评估在公共部门。