Applications of neuroimaging methods have substantially contributed to the scientific understanding of human factors during driving by providing a deeper insight into the neuro-cognitive aspects of driver brain. This has been achieved by conducting simulated (and occasionally, field) driving experiments while collecting driver brain signals of various types. Here, this sector of studies is comprehensively reviewed at both macro and micro scales. At the macro scale, bibliometric aspects of these studies are analysed. At the micro scale, different themes of neuroimaging driving behaviour research are identified and the findings within each theme are synthesised. The surveyed literature has reported on applications of four major brain imaging methods. These include Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), Electroencephalography (EEG), Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and Magnetoencephalography (MEG), with the first two being the most common methods in this domain. While collecting driver fMRI signal has been particularly instrumental in studying neural correlates of intoxicated driving (e.g. alcohol or cannabis) or distracted driving, the EEG method has been predominantly utilised in relation to the efforts aiming at development of automatic fatigue/drowsiness detection systems, a topic to which the literature on neuro-ergonomics of driving particularly has shown a spike of interest within the last few years. The survey also reveals that topics such as driver brain activity in semi-automated settings or neural activity of drivers with brain injuries or chronic neurological conditions have by contrast been investigated to a very limited extent. Potential topics in driving behaviour research are identified that could benefit from the adoption of neuroimaging methods in future studies. In terms of practicality, while fMRI and MEG experiments have proven rather invasive and technologically challenging for adoption in driving behaviour research, EEG and fNIRS applications have been more diverse. They have even been tested beyond simulated driving settings, in field driving experiments. Advantages and limitations of each of these four neuroimaging methods in the context of driving behaviour experiments are outlined in the paper.

通过提供对驾驶员大脑的神经认知方面的更深入了解，神经成像方法的应用已大大有助于对驾驶过程中人为因素的科学理解。这是通过进行模拟（偶尔是现场）驾驶实验同时收集各种类型的驾驶员大脑信号来实现的。在这里，从宏观和微观两个层面对这一研究领域进行了全面回顾。在宏观上，对这些研究的文献计量方面进行了分析。在微观尺度上，确定了神经影像驾驶行为研究的不同主题，并对每个主题内的发现进行了综合。调查的文献报道了四种主要的脑成像方法的应用。其中包括功能性磁共振成像（fMRI），脑电图（EEG），功能近红外光谱（fNIRS）和磁脑电图（MEG），其中前两种是该领域中最常用的方法。尽管收集驾驶员fMRI信号特别有助于研究醉酒驾驶（例如，酒精或大麻）或分心驾驶的神经相关性，但脑电图方法主要用于旨在开发自动疲劳/嗜睡检测系统的工作。在过去的几年中，有关驾驶的神经人体工程学的文献尤其引起了人们的关注。这项调查还显示，相比之下，对半自动环境中的驾驶员脑部活动或患有脑损伤或慢性神经系统疾病的驾驶员的神经活动等主题进行了非常有限的调查。确定了驾驶行为研究中的潜在主题，这些主题可以从未来的研究中采用神经成像方法中受益。在实用性方面，尽管功能磁共振成像和MEG实验已被证明在驾驶行为研究中采用具有相当的侵略性和技术挑战性，但脑电图和fNIRS的应用却更加多样化。在野外驾驶实验中，他们甚至已经在模拟驾驶设置之外进行了测试。本文概述了这四种神经成像方法在驾驶行为实验中的优缺点。尽管fMRI和MEG实验已被证明对驾驶行为研究的采用具有侵入性，并且在技术上具有挑战性，但EEG和fNIRS的应用却更加多样化。在野外驾驶实验中，他们甚至已经在模拟驾驶设置之外进行了测试。本文概述了这四种神经成像方法在驾驶行为实验中的优缺点。尽管fMRI和MEG实验已被证明对驾驶行为研究的采用具有侵入性，并且在技术上具有挑战性，但EEG和fNIRS的应用却更加多样化。在野外驾驶实验中，他们甚至已经在模拟驾驶设置之外进行了测试。本文概述了这四种神经成像方法在驾驶行为实验中的优缺点。