Social Exclusion is a major concern for EU institutions and several instruments have been devised to counter it. This work aims to assess the role played by policy measures in fighting social exclusion in the EU, distinguishing between national and supranational tools. Given the available data, we run a multilevel model, combining national and regional observations for 20 EU Member States between 2005 and 2016. We use social expenditure and resilience as proxies for national tools and the Regional Policy funding as a proxy for supranational tools. Our results confirm the relevance of both types of policy measures. In particular, we find that resilience reduces social exclusion significantly, while social expenditure has a non-significant (though negative) effect. The EU funding on the other hand successfully decreases social exclusion, but if regional dummies are introduced, the effect holds only for Eastern European countries.

社会排斥是欧盟机构关注的主要问题，并且已经设计出多种手段来解决这一问题。这项工作旨在评估政策措施在对抗欧盟的社会排斥中所发挥的作用，区分国家工具和超国家工具。有了可用的数据，我们运行了一个多级模型，将2005年至2016年期间对20个欧盟成员国的国家和地区观察结果进行了合并。我们使用社会支出和抵御力作为国家工具的代理，而区域政策资金则作为超国家工具的代理。我们的结果证实了这两种政策措施的相关性。特别是，我们发现，韧性能显着减少社会排斥，而社会支出却没有显着（尽管是负面的）影响。另一方面，欧盟的资助成功地减少了社会排斥，