Arching is regarded as a ubiquitous phenomenon in geomaterials where a new stress field is created following partial, induced displacements in the geomaterial. In the past, less attention has been paid to the deformations associated with the arching effect. The Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique was implemented to map the shear and volumetric strain fields where arching occurred in a dense sand layer placed in a trapdoor apparatus. Model tests were conducted under active and passive arching along with surcharge loading. It was observed that shear bands comprising of two sections with different orientation angles were formed. The orientation angles of the shear bands were associated with the dilation angle of the sand (the deformation related angle of the soil) rather than its internal angle of friction (the stress related angle of the soil). The magnitude of shear strains increased with trapdoor displacement. It was also found that strain localization was associated with dilation. Contraction zones were also detected in the sand layer specifically at the surface and on the trapdoor element. In addition, it was realized the shear bands developed in the passive arching condition possessed greater width and inclination angles compared to bands of the active arching situation. The local surcharge used in the experiments markedly affected the strain localization and volumetric strain patterns and magnitudes.

拱形被认为是一种在土工材料中普遍存在的现象，其中在土工材料中的局部感应位移之后会产生一个新的应力场。过去，很少关注与拱效应相关的变形。实施了数字图像关联（DIC）技术，以绘制在活板门装置中的致密砂层中发生拱形的剪切应变和体积应变场。在主动和被动拱形以及附加载荷下进行了模型测试。观察到形成了由具有不同取向角的两个部分组成的剪切带。剪切带的定向角与沙子的膨胀角（与土壤的变形有关的角度）相关，而不与其内摩擦角（与土壤的应力有关的角度）相关。剪应变的大小随活板门位移的增加而增加。还发现应变局部化与膨胀有关。在沙层中，特别是在表面和活板门元件上，也检测到收缩区。另外，已经认识到在被动拱形条件下形成的剪切带与主动拱形条件下的剪切带相比具有更大的宽度和倾斜角度。实验中使用的局部附加费显着影响应变局部化以及体积应变模式和大小。已经认识到，与主动拱形情况相比，在被动拱形条件下产生的剪切带具有更大的宽度和倾斜角度。实验中使用的局部附加费显着影响应变局部化以及体积应变模式和大小。已经认识到，与主动拱形情况相比，在被动拱形条件下产生的剪切带具有更大的宽度和倾斜角度。实验中使用的局部附加费显着影响应变局部化以及体积应变模式和大小。