This paper studies the labor market effects of the most significant public health insurance expansion in the Americas: Mexico's Seguro Popular (SP). To identify its impact, I exploit the staggered rollout of SP across municipalities. I find that SP increases labor supply by reducing the likelihood of informal workers exiting the labor market. This reduction is driven by women, who experience a 15% decrease in the probability of transitioning from informal employment to inactivity. I also find that this reduction is concentrated among female secondary earners residing in households with dependents. These findings suggest that SP may operate through a novel channel, namely that health insurance enables caregivers to continue working by reducing health shocks among dependents.

本文研究了美洲最显着的公共医疗保险扩张对劳动力市场的影响：墨西哥的大众保险 (SP)。为了确定其影响，我利用了跨城市的 SP 交错部署。我发现 SP 通过减少非正规工人退出劳动力市场的可能性来增加劳动力供应。这种减少是由女性推动的，她们从非正规就业过渡到不活动的可能性降低了 15%。我还发现，这种减少主要集中在居住在有受抚养人家庭的女性中等收入者中。这些发现表明，SP 可能通过一种新渠道运作，即健康保险通过减少受抚养人之间的健康冲击来使护理人员能够继续工作。