This paper examines the effects of restrictions in logistics, transportation, distribution, finance and other business sectors on food trade. We use a gravity model with panel data from 2014 to 2018 across 36 OECD countries, OECD indices of individual country restrictions and regulatory differences by country pair to capture the level of restrictions in these sectors. The results suggest that higher restrictions in the logistics and transport sector lead to lower exports of food commodities. Also, restrictions in the financial and other business sectors are associated with lower imports. Interestingly, restrictions in the distribution sector have positive and significant effects on both exports and imports of food products. The sectors most affected are food, live animals and perishable products (milk, eggs and meat). The regulatory disparity has a significant negative impact on food trade. This impact decreases when the exporter country is closed to service providers. The deregulation or harmonization of these measures would be highly beneficial to food trade.

本文研究了物流，运输，分销，金融和其他商业领域的限制对食品贸易的影响。我们使用2014年至2018年OECD 36个国家/地区的面板数据，各个国家/地区的OECD限制指数以及各个国家/地区对监管差异的引力模型来获取这些部门的限制水平。结果表明，对物流和运输部门的更高限制导致粮食商品出口减少。此外，金融和其他商业领域的限制也与进口量减少有关。有趣的是，分销部门的限制对食品的进出口都有积极而重大的影响。受影响最严重的部门是食品，活畜和易腐产品（牛奶，鸡蛋和肉）。监管差距对粮食贸易产生重大不利影响。当出口国不对服务提供者开放时，这种影响会减小。放松管制或统一这些措施将对粮食贸易极为有利。