The Japanese government will adopt the CAFE standard after 2020. By using a “modified” slacks-based measure (SBM) model, this study analyzed the technical efficiency of 113 gasoline vehicle models (GVs) and 54 hybrid vehicle models (HVs) sold by Japanese manufacturers in 2016. We also estimated attainable fuel efficiency of specific vehicle models that can be further improved referring to the nearest point on the best practice frontier. The improved CAFE values and standards of the nine automobile manufacturers were calculated. The technology gap from the vehicle technology frontier was more noticeable among gasoline vehicles than among hybrids. Moreover, most automobile manufacturers can achieve the CAFE standard through an effective achievement strategy based on best practice technologies, whereas the others will not achieve the CAFE standard even given a rapid technology innovation beyond the best practice frontiers for GVs and HVs.

中文翻译：

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提出有效的策略，以满足具有可实现的技术改进目标的环境法规

日本政府将在 2020 年后采用 CAFE 标准。 本研究通过使用“修改后的”基于松弛的措施（SBM）模型，分析了日本销售的 113 款汽油车型（GV）和 54 款混合动力车型（HV）的技术效率。 2016 年日本制造商。我们还参考了最佳实践前沿的最近点，估计了可以进一步改进的特定车型的可实现燃油效率。计算了九家汽车制造商的改进后的CAFE值和标准。与混合动力车相比，汽油车与车辆技术前沿的技术差距更为明显。此外，大多数汽车制造商可以通过基于最佳实践技术的有效成就策略来达到 CAFE 标准，