The role of gender in shaping a range of work experiences and outcomes is well documented, yet there remains limited knowledge of the gendered dimensions of voice. In addressing the understudied topic of gender and voice, we propose a multilevel framework for analysing the relationship, which goes beyond thinking of gender only in terms of individual-level gender identities. We conceptualize gender at three levels – as embedded in individual identities, in organizational policies and practices and in labour market segmentations – and show that gender, at each level, is associated with variations in worker voice opportunities and practices. We test our model using data from a mixed-methods Australian study that consisted of a national survey with young working women and men and a series of targeted focus groups with young working women. We find no individual-level differences in women's and men's reported voice, measured as managerial consultation and as perceived influence over workplace matters. However, we do find a diminished voice among both women and men employed within specific gendered work environments, namely in organizations where workers perceive high levels of gender inequality and in women-dominated industries. Qualitative findings provide additional detail on how women's voice materializes and is constrained within gendered work settings.

中文翻译：

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性别问题：对工作中性别和声音的多层次分析

性别在塑造一系列工作经验和成果方面的作用有据可查，但对声音的性别层面的了解仍然有限。在解决尚未充分研究的性别和声音主题时，我们提出了一个多层次的框架来分析这种关系，这超出了仅从个人层面的性别认同的角度考虑性别的问题。我们在三个层面对性别进行概念化——嵌入在个人身份、组织政策和实践以及劳动力市场细分中——并表明每个层面的性别都与工人发言机会和实践的变化有关。我们使用来自澳大利亚一项混合方法研究的数据来测试我们的模型，该研究包括对年轻职业女性和男性的全国调查以及一系列针对年轻职业女性的有针对性的焦点小组。我们发现女性和男性报告的声音在个人层面没有差异，衡量标准是管理咨询和对工作场所事务的感知影响。然而，我们确实发现在特定性别工作环境中就业的女性和男性的声音减弱，即在工人认为性别不平等程度很高的组织和女性主导的行业中。定性研究结果提供了关于女性声音如何在性别工作环境中实现和受到限制的更多细节。即在工人认为性别不平等程度很高的组织和女性主导的行业中。定性研究结果提供了关于女性声音如何在性别工作环境中实现和受到限制的更多细节。即在工人认为性别不平等程度很高的组织和女性主导的行业中。定性研究结果提供了关于女性声音如何在性别工作环境中实现和受到限制的更多细节。