The fouling formation on the membrane’s surface has limited the membrane-based separation in industrial activities such as wastewater reclamation and seawater desalination. The nanomaterials' incorporation has been developed to enhance membrane performance. In this study, the combination of graphene oxide (GO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles to PSf membrane to improve the membrane performances to treat the petroleum refinery wastewater (PRW) was performed. The SEM-EDX result shows the presence of both GO and ZnO nanoparticles on the membrane's surface. They also produced the porosity of 83.00 ± 1.18 % for PSf/GO/ZnO, which was higher than the neat PSf with 52.20 ± 0.28 %. The FTIR and XRD result has confirmed the presence of GO and ZnO in the membrane that caused the increment in hydrophilicity and mechanical strength. The addition of GO and ZnO nanoparticles has reduced the water contact angle from 80° to 52° and increased water uptake ability from 16 % to 75 % compared to the neat PSf. It has also resulted in the highest permeate flux and pollutant removal compared to the other membranes with a maximum permeate flux of 35.03 L.m⁻².h⁻¹ and a rejection value 70.21 ± 2.33 % for total dissolved solids (TDS) and 74.68 ± 0.88 % for chemical oxygen demand (COD). The fouling resistance evaluation showed the addition of GO and ZnO nanoparticles successfully reduced the resistance during filtration, indicating a reduction in fouling tendency on the membrane's surface. These phenomena are proven by the antifouling potential analysis at the addition of GO and ZnO nanoparticles was exhibited the highest flux recovery ratio up to 90.44 ± 1.22 %.

膜表面的结垢形成限制了工业活动（例如废水回收和海水淡化）中基于膜的分离。已经开发出纳米材料的掺入以增强膜性能。在这项研究中，将氧化石墨烯（GO）和氧化锌（ZnO）纳米颗粒结合到PSf膜上，以改善膜性能以处理石油炼厂废水（PRW）。SEM-EDX结果表明在膜表面上同时存在GO和ZnO纳米颗粒。他们还为PSf / GO / ZnO产生了83.00±1.18％的孔隙度，高于纯PSf的52.20±0.28％的孔隙度。FTIR和XRD结果证实了膜中GO和ZnO的存在，导致亲水性和机械强度的增加。与纯PSf相比，GO和ZnO纳米颗粒的添加将水接触角从80°减小到52°，并将吸水能力从16％增大到75％。与其他膜相比，它的渗透通量和污染物去除率最高，最大渗透通量为35.03 Lm^-2 .h ^-1，总溶解固体（TDS）的拒绝值为70.21±2.33％，化学需氧量（COD）的拒绝值为74.68±0.88％。防污性评估表明，添加GO和ZnO纳米颗粒可成功降低过滤过程中的阻力，表明膜表面的防污趋势有所降低。通过添加GO和ZnO纳米颗粒的防污势分析证明了这些现象，并显示出最高的通量回收率，高达90.44±1.22％。