Removal of heavy metal ions from water is being a challenge and Polysulfone (PSf) membranes have shown great potential to remove them from contaminated solutions. In this work, the introduction of Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C₃N₄) into PSf membranes was implemented to improve the permeability and separation performance of PSf membranes. g-C₃N₄ was incorporated into the membrane matrix via nonsolvent induced phase inversion method. The prepared mixed matrix membranes showed enhanced performances towards water filtration. The incorporation of g-C₃N₄ into the membrane matrix caused an increase in the desired physicochemical properties like hydrophilicity and surface charge density. This in turn enhanced the rejection of heavy metal ions. The presence of free –NH₂ groups on the surface of the membrane helps in increasing the water permeability of the mixed matrix membranes. At 1 bar pressure, the mixed matrix membranes showed rejections higher than 95, 80, and 70 % for lead, cadmium, and arsenic, respectively. Anti-fouling properties of PSf membrane were also enhanced by g-C₃N_4, which was due to a notable increase in hydrophilicity and the formation of hydration layer on the membrane, preventing interactions between membrane surface and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). These properties could be favourable in fulfilling the need of a potential candidate for filtration of waters contaminated by toxic ions.

从水中去除重金属离子是一个挑战，聚砜（PSf）膜已显示出从污染溶液中去除重金属离子的巨大潜力。在这项工作中，实现了向PSf膜中引入石墨化氮化碳纳米片（gC ₃ N ₄），以提高PSf膜的渗透性和分离性能。通过非溶剂诱导的相转化方法将gC ₃ N ₄掺入膜基质中。制备的混合基质膜表现出增强的水过滤性能。gC ₃ N ₄的掺入进入膜基质会增加所需的理化性质，例如亲水性和表面电荷密度。这反过来又增强了对重金属离子的排斥。膜表面上存在游离的-NH ₂基团，有助于增加混合基质膜的透水性。在1 bar的压力下，混合基质膜的铅，镉和砷的截留率分别高于95％，80％和70％。gC ₃ N ₄也增强了PSf膜的防污性能。这是由于亲水性显着增加以及在膜上形成水合层，从而阻止了膜表面与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）之间的相互作用。这些性质可能有利于满足潜在的候选物质对被有毒离子污染的水进行过滤的需求。