Self-criticism is the process of negative self-evaluation. High levels are associated with psychopathology and poorer therapeutic outcomes. Self-compassion interventions were developed to explicitly target self-criticism. The aim of this review was to estimate the overall effect of self-compassion-related interventions on self-criticism outcomes and investigate potential moderating variables. A systematic search of the literature identified 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the inclusion criteria. Nineteen papers, involving 1350 participants, had sufficient data to be included in the meta-analysis. Pre- and post-data points were extracted for the compassion and control groups. Study quality was assessed using an adapted version of the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool, which concluded that studies were of moderate quality. Meta-analysis findings indicated that self-compassion-related interventions produce a significant, medium reduction in self-criticism in comparison with control groups (Hedges' g = 0.51, 95% CI [0.33–0.69]). Moderator analysis found greater reductions in self-criticism when self-compassion-related interventions were longer and compared with passive controls rather than active. The remaining moderators of forms of self-criticism, sample type, intervention delivery, intervention setting and risk of bias ratings were insignificant. Overall, the review provides promising evidence of the effectiveness of self-compassion-related interventions for reducing self-criticism. However, results are limited by moderate quality studies with high heterogeneity. Directions for future research indicate that more RCTs with active controls, follow-ups, consistent use and reporting of measures and diverse samples are needed.

中文翻译：

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减少自我批评的自我同情相关干预措施的有效性：系统评价和荟萃分析

自我批评是消极自我评价的过程。高水平与精神病理学和较差的治疗结果有关。制定自我同情干预措施以明确针对自我批评。本综述的目的是评估自我慈悲相关干预对自我批评结果的总体影响，并调查潜在的调节变量。对文献的系统检索确定了 20 项符合纳入标准的随机对照试验 (RCT)。涉及 1350 名参与者的 19 篇论文有足够的数据被纳入荟萃分析。为同情组和对照组提取了前后数据点。使用 Cochrane Collaboration 偏倚风险工具的改编版本评估研究质量，得出的结论是研究质量中等。荟萃分析结果表明，与对照组相比，与自我同情相关的干预措施显着降低了自我批评（Hedges'g  = 0.51, 95% CI [0.33–0.69]）。调节分析发现，当自我同情相关的干预时间更长并且与被动控制而不是主动相比时，自我批评的减少更大。自我批评形式、样本类型、干预实施、干预设置和偏倚风险评级的其余调节因素不显着。总体而言，该评价提供了有希望的证据，证明自我慈悲相关干预措施在减少自我批评方面的有效性。然而，结果受到具有高度异质性的中等质量研究的限制。未来研究的方向表明，需要更多具有主动控制、随访、一致使用和报告措施以及不同样本的随机对照试验。