ABSTRACT

In the upper Midwest, at least until the late 1930s, there was a modest presence of black athletes in American football and track and field in particular, with a smaller number in basketball and other sports. We know a great deal about how the post-war desegregation in professional baseball and football began to slowly change the landscape of elite American sports. But despite this overarching national narrative of small numbers of black athletes in integrated sports in the north and segregated structures in the south, we still know very little about specific contexts, especially at the high school level where the vast majority of organized sporting competition is held in the USA Key questions remain: was there a qualitative difference between the treatment of African-American athletes in different regions of the United States during the first four decades of the twentieth century? Was there a difference in racial attitudes in places where African-Americans were resident in small numbers such as in the towns and medium sized cities of the upper Midwest? Indeed, Iowa was regarded as relatively welcoming of African-American athletes by the 1930s whether that reputation was fully deserved or not. In this article we examine this question from a case study point of view.

摘要

至少直到1930年代后期，在中西部的上层地区，尤其是在美式足球和田径运动中，黑人运动员人数很少，而在篮球和其他体育活动中，黑人运动员的人数较少。关于战后职业棒球和橄榄球的种族隔离如何开始慢慢改变美国精英体育格局的事情，我们有很多了解。但是，尽管这种关于全国北部综合运动中少数黑人运动员的总体叙述和南部南部隔离结构中的少数黑人运动员的总体叙述，但我们对具体情况仍然知之甚少，特别是在举行绝大多数有组织体育比赛的高中阶段在美国，关键问题仍然存在：在20世纪前40年中，美国不同地区的非洲裔美国运动员的待遇之间在质上是否存在差异？在少数裔美国人居住的地方（例如中西部上流的城镇和中型城市），种族态度是否有所不同？确实，到1930年代，爱荷华州被视为相对欢迎非裔美国运动员，无论该名声是否应得到应有的重视。在本文中，我们将从案例研究的角度来研究这个问题。到1930年代，爱荷华州被视为相对欢迎非裔美国运动员，无论该名声是否应得到应有的重视。在本文中，我们将从案例研究的角度来研究这个问题。到1930年代，爱荷华州被视为相对欢迎非裔美国运动员，无论该名声是否应得到应有的重视。在本文中，我们将从案例研究的角度来研究这个问题。