Parent-child synchrony of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) varies by risk, but novel approaches are needed to capture individual contributions to synchrony. Multilevel state-trait modeling was applied to examine how parental psychological distress and parent and child average RSA during challenge (reflecting individual regulatory capacities) shaped RSA synchrony in mother-child (n = 71) and father-child (n = 47) interactions. RSA synchrony was curvilinear such that greater in-the-moment RSA reactivity in one partner prompted greater reactivity in the other. Higher risk (lower average RSA; higher distress) predicted in-the-moment RSA withdrawal to partner RSA changes, whereas lower risk (higher average RSA; lower distress) predicted in-the-moment RSA augmentation. In some models, one’s higher average RSA prompted the partner’s greater reactivity and thus synchrony when parental distress was higher. However, the presence and direction of synchrony was not consistently adaptive nor maladaptive across models, suggesting its meaning relies on theory and the parent and risk factors in question.

呼吸性窦性心律失常 (RSA) 的亲子同步因风险而异，但需要新的方法来捕捉个体对同步的贡献。应用多级状态特征模型来检查挑战期间父母的心理压力和父母和孩子的平均 RSA（反映个人调节能力）如何影响母子（n = 71）和父子（n= 47) 相互作用。RSA 同步是曲线的，因此一个伙伴中更大的瞬间 RSA 反应性促使另一个伙伴的反应性更强。较高的风险（较低的平均 RSA；较高的痛苦）预测即时的 RSA 退出以导致合作伙伴 RSA 的变化，而较低的风险（较高的平均 RSA；较低的痛苦）预测即时的 RSA 增加。在某些模型中，一个人较高的平均 RSA 促使伴侣的反应性更强，因此当父母的痛苦更高时会同步。然而，同步的存在和方向在模型中并非始终具有适应性或适应性，这表明其意义依赖于理论以及相关的父母和风险因素。