The p-index was introduced as a mock h-index. However, the p-index does not recognize the citation distribution as it accounts for only two dimensions: size P, the count of papers and impact i, the specific citation impact. The z-index became a three-dimensional version by considering the third dimension of the problem: the unevenness of the citation distribution. Here, we identify four normalized citation based indicators: h/P, p/P, z/P and i/P as simple and intuitive dimensionless citation indicators where h is the Hirsch h-index, p and z-indices are those introduced subsequently and i the value of impact as measured by the ratio of citations C to publications P.

该p -index被引入作为一个模拟ħ -index。但是，p索引无法识别引文分布，因为它仅占两个维度：大小P，纸张数量和影响i，特定引文影响。该ž引文分布的不均匀性：-index考虑问题的第三个维度成为一个三维版本。在这里，我们确定了四个基于归一化引用的指标：h / P，p / P，z / P和i / P作为简单直观的无因次引文指标，其中h是Hirsch的h指数，p和z索引是随后引入的那些，i的影响值是通过引文C与出版物P的比值来衡量的。