This study replicated and extended the Feldman (2009) study by applying the developmental hierarchical-integrative model to understand the emergence of self-regulation. Participants included 360 children (48.6% boys; 62.8% identified as Caucasian and 36.9% African American) and their families, predominantly from a low-income, rural background. Families completed assessments on child physiological, attention, emotion, and self-regulation when children were 6-, 15-, 24-, and 36-month-old, when caregiver sensitivity was observationally assessed. A path model revealed that child attention regulation at 6 months predicted physiological regulation at 15 months, and child attention regulation at 15 months predicted emotion regulation at 24 months. Attention regulation at 24 months predicted better self-regulation at 36 months. Notably, caregiver sensitivity moderated several developmental pathways. Findings support a continuous model of early self-regulation development and the ongoing individual-environment interplay in early childhood.

中文翻译：

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自我调节出现的发展层次整合视角：复制和扩展

本研究复制并扩展了 Feldman (2009) 的研究，通过应用发展层次整合模型来理解自我调节的出现。参与者包括 360 名儿童（48.6% 男孩；62.8% 被确定为白人和 36.9% 非裔美国人）及其家庭，主要来自低收入农村背景。当儿童在 6 个月、15 个月、24 个月和 36 个月大时，家庭完成了对儿童生理、注意力、情绪和自我调节的评估，并观察评估了照顾者的敏感性。路径模型显示，6 个月时的儿童注意力调节可预测 15 个月时的生理调节，15 个月时的儿童注意力调节可预测 24 个月时的情绪调节。24 个月时的注意力调节预示着 36 个月时更好的自我调节。尤其，照顾者的敏感性调节了几种发育途径。研究结果支持早期自我调节发展的连续模型以及儿童早期持续的个体与环境相互作用。