Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as a kind of mental disorder, has become an internationally recognized serious public health problem. Paintings of autistic children have not been compared systematically to those from Typically Developed (TD) children. In this work, we construct an ASD painting database which contains 478 paintings drawn by ASD individuals and 490 drawn by the TD group. Through subjective and objective analysis, some significant hallmarks, such as structuring logic, face, repetitive structure, composition location, edge completeness, etc. are found within the ASD paintings. We further train a classifier of ASD and TD painters using those extracted features, which shows encouraging accuracy as a potential screen tool for ASD. This work sheds light on understanding the uniqueness of autistic children through their paintings. The database will be released to the public.

自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）作为一种精神障碍，已成为国际公认的严重公共卫生问题。自闭症儿童的绘画尚未与典型发育（TD）儿童的绘画进行系统地比较。在这项工作中，我们构建了一个ASD绘画数据库，该数据库包含ASD个人绘制的478幅绘画和TD组绘制的490幅绘画。通过主观和客观分析，在ASD绘画中发现了一些重要标志，例如结构逻辑，面部，重复结构，构图位置，边缘完整性等。我们使用这些提取的特征进一步训练ASD和TD画家的分类器，这显示出令人鼓舞的准确性，这是ASD潜在的筛选工具。这项工作揭示了通过绘画来理解自闭症儿童的独特性。