The economic shutdown and national lockdown following the outbreak of COVID-19 have increased demand for unpaid work at home, particularly among families with children, and reduced demand for paid work. Concurrently, the share of the workforce that has relocated its workplace to home has also increased. In this article, we examine the consequences of these processes for the allocation of time among paid work, housework, and care work for men and women in Israel. Using data on 2,027 Israeli adults whom we followed since the first week of March (before the spread of COVID-19), we focus on the effect of the second lockdown in Israel (in September) on the gender division of both paid and unpaid work. We find that as demand for housework caused by the lockdown increases, women—especially with children—increase their housework much more than men do, particularly when they work from home. The consequences of work from home and other flexible work arrangements for gender inequality within the family are discussed.

COVID-19爆发后的经济停顿和国家封锁，增加了对在家中无偿工作的需求，尤其是在有孩子的家庭中，对有偿工作的需求减少了。同时，将工作场所转移到家里的劳动力的比例也有所增加。在本文中，我们研究了这些过程对以色列男女有偿工作，家务劳动和护理工作中时间分配的影响。使用自3月第一周（在COVID-19传播之前）以来追踪的2,027名以色列成年人的数据，我们重点关注以色列第二次锁定（9月）对有薪和无薪工作的性别划分的影响。我们发现，随着锁定带来的对家务的需求增加，女性（尤其是带孩子的女性）比男性对家务的增加幅度更大，特别是当他们在家工作时。讨论了在家工作和其他灵活工作安排对家庭内部性别不平等的影响。