In the United States, the military is the primary channel through which many are able to obtain supports traditionally provided by the welfare state, such as access to higher education, job training, employment, health care, and so on. However, due to the nature of the military as a highly gendered institution, these social welfare functions are not as accessible for women as they are for men. This amounts to a highly gender-biased state spending pattern that subsidizes substantially more human capital development for men than for women, effectively reinforcing women’s subordinate status in the US economy.

JEL classification: B54, B52, Z13

中文翻译：

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美国经济中对人力资本的军事补贴和性别分层

在美国，军人是主要渠道，许多人可以通过该渠道获得福利国家传统上提供的支持，例如获得高等教育，职业培训，就业，医疗保健等。但是，由于军队具有高度性别平等的机构的性质，这些社会福利职能对于妇女而言不如对男性那样容易获得。这相当于一种高度偏重性别的州支出模式，该模式对男性的人力资本开发提供的补贴要比女性多得多，从而有效地增强了女性在美国经济中的从属地位。

JEL分类：B54，B52，Z13