The optical two-way time transfer between two widely separated laser ranging ground stations in common view of a space debris target can be achieved from diffuse laser pulse reflections. The round-trip time-of-flight measurements augmented by the detection and epoch timing of diffusely scattered laser light from the second ground station allows accurate clock comparisons, provided that the mean location of the point of reflection on the target structure can be recovered with sufficient fidelity. We have set up a target delay model that derives the tumbling motion of rocket bodies from a combination of laser ranging and photometric measurements. Combined with the simultaneously measured short arc orbit, we obtain the applicable in situ propagation delay for the time transfer signal between the two ground stations in order to establish the clock offset between them. We show an example where the uncertainty of this clock synchronization for a time-of-flight comparison already reaches 3ns. We point out that there is still significant room for improvement.

在空间碎片目标的共同视野中，两个相距很远的激光测距地面站之间的光学双向时间传输可以通过漫反射激光脉冲反射来实现。如果目标结构上反射点的平均位置可以通过足够的保真度。我们已经建立了一个目标延迟模型，该模型通过结合激光测距和光度测量得出火箭体的翻滚运动。结合同时测得的短弧轨道，我们得到了适用的原位两个地面站之间的时间传输信号的传播延迟，以便在它们之间建立时钟偏移。我们展示了一个示例，其中用于飞行时间比较的时钟同步的不确定性已经达到 3ns。我们指出，仍有很大的改进空间。