The convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs), including the Kelvin, mixed-Rossby gravity (MRG), eastward inertio-gravity (EIG), and westward inertio-gravity (WIG) waves, are dominant synoptic-scale waves in the tropics. In this study, the modulation of the CCEWs by the MJO is examined with observational data from 1985–2005 over the Indian Ocean (IO), Maritime Continent (MC), and Western Pacific (WP). We find that the MRG wave is strengthened (weakened) to the west (east) of the MJO convection. In contrast, the Kelvin, WIG and EIG waves are mostly strengthened over the MJO convective center. As MJO modulates the background vertical wind shear and moisture fields, a further analysis was conducted to reveal the relationship between the background dynamic and thermodynamic field changes and the wave intensity change. A significant negative correlation between the MJO-scale vertical wind shear and the MRG intensity variation suggests that the MRG wave is primarily modulated by the dynamic field. The intensity changes of the WIG and EIG waves are significantly correlated to the MJO moisture field. The Kelvin wave, which has both quasi-geostrophic and gravity wave nature, is modulated by both the MJO-scale vertical wind shear and specific humidity.

对流耦合赤道波 (CCEW)，包括开尔文、混合罗斯比重力 (MRG)、东向惯性重力 (EIG) 和西向惯性重力 (WIG) 波，是热带地区的主要天气尺度波。在这项研究中，MJO 对 CCEW 的调制使用 1985-2005 年在印度洋 (IO)、海洋大陆 (MC) 和西太平洋 (WP) 上的观测数据进行了检查。我们发现 MJO 对流向西（东）的 MRG 波增强（减弱）。相比之下，开尔文、WIG 和 EIG 波大多在 MJO 对流中心得到加强。由于MJO调制了背景垂直风切变场和水分场，进一步分析揭示了背景动力和热动力场变化与波浪强度变化之间的关系。MJO 尺度垂直风切变与 MRG 强度变化之间的显着负相关表明 MRG 波主要受动力场调制。WIG 和 EIG 波的强度变化与 MJO 水分场显着相关。开尔文波具有准地转波和重力波的性质，受到 MJO 尺度垂直风切变和比湿度的调制。