Introduction

Distracted driving is a major risk factor for motor vehicle crashes, especially for young drivers. This study examines factors that contribute to the exposure of young drivers to distracted driving behaviors.

Methods

Data from the 2015 National Survey on Distracted Driving Attitudes and Behaviors was used to determine the influence that perceived safety, likelihood to do or say something, social norms, and demographic variables have on self-reported cell phone distracted driving. Our population included 16–24-year old drivers. Dependent variables were texting (reading and sending a text/email) and smartphone app use while driving. Rao-Scott chi-squared tests and multivariate logistic regression models were applied. Sampling weights were applied to create nationally representative estimates and all statistical tests accounted for complex survey design.

Results

Among young drivers who report cell phone use while driving, 42% reported reading a text, 33% reported sending a text, and 23% reported smartphone app use. Multivariate regression results showed that perceived safety had the strongest association with reporting texting and smartphone app use while driving. In addition, social norms and age-education were significantly associated with reporting sending a text/email and reading a text/email while driving, respectively.

Conclusions

The current study found significant relationships between attitudes and behaviors about cell phone use while driving and self-reported engagement in distracted driving.

Practical applications

Interventions with an emphasis on changing perceived safety and social norms for young drivers could be beneficial for reducing engagement in cell phone use while driving.

中文翻译：

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与年轻驾驶员发短信和使用应用程序相关的态度和行为

介绍

分心驾驶是导致汽车撞车的主要危险因素，尤其是对于年轻驾驶员而言。这项研究调查了导致年轻驾驶员分心驾驶行为的因素。

方法

来自2015年全国分心驾驶态度和行为调查的数据用于确定感知的安全性，做某事或说某事的可能性，社会规范和人口统计学变量对自我报告的手机分心驾驶的影响。我们的人口包括16至24岁的驾驶员。因变量包括发短信（阅读和发送短信/电子邮件）和驾驶时使用智能手机应用程序。应用Rao-Scott卡方检验和多元Logistic回归模型。应用抽样权重来创建全国代表性的估算，并且所有统计检验都说明了复杂的调查设计。

结果

在开车时报告手机使用情况的年轻驾驶员中，有42％的人报告阅读文本，有33％的人报告发送文本，有23％的人报告了智能手机应用程序的使用。多变量回归结果显示，在驾驶过程中，感知到的安全性与报告短信和智能手机应用程序使用之间的关联最大。另外，社交规范和年龄教育分别与报告在开车时发送文本/电子邮件和阅读文本/电子邮件显着相关。

结论

当前的研究发现，驾驶时使用手机的态度和行为与分心驾驶中自我报告的参与之间存在显着的关系。

实际应用

侧重于改变年轻驾驶员的感知安全性和社会规范的干预措施，可能会有助于减少驾驶时对手机使用的参与。