Abstract

Lipidomics is a research area that investigates lipidomes that refer to the complete lipid profile within a cell, tissue, organism, or ecosystem by focusing on the interactions with neighboring molecules at the inter- or intracellular spaces of organisms. In recent decades, lipidomics has greatly evolved along with developments in mass spectrometric analysis (i.e., ionization approaches, the types of analyzers, and the data processing tools), leading to a rapid and accurate performance in the identification and quantification of individual lipid species. In this contribution, the identification and quantification of triacylglycerol (TAG) and phospholipid (PL) species in marine sources using mass spectrometry analysis are comprehensively discussed along with their physiological roles and health-beneficial effects on the human body. Moreover, this review emphasizes the importance of the isotopic deconvolution and instrument responses caused by the difference in the carbon number and the unsaturation of TAG and PL species in quantitative analysis. Most TAG and PL detected in marine taxa possess a high proportion of polyunsaturated ω3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA, ≥C₂₀) in particular eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5ω3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6ω3), indicating the large number and structural diversity of glycerolipid species containing EPA and DHA. This review also discusses the health effects of TAG and PL species esterified with ω3 LCPUFA. Given that most fisheries science and aquaculture research during recent decades has mainly focused on ω3 LCPUFA after release from parent molecules, discussion of the health effects of ω3 LCPUFA in the form of TAG and PL extends understanding of the bioactivities of ω3 fatty acids as they occur naturally.

摘要

脂质组学是一个研究脂质组的研究领域，脂质组通过关注生物体细胞间或细胞内空间与相邻分子的相互作用，指代细胞、组织、生物体或生态系统内的完整脂质谱。近几十年来，脂质组学随着质谱分析（即电离方法、分析仪的类型和数据处理工具）的发展而发生了巨大的变化，从而在单个脂质种类的识别和定量方面实现了快速和准确的性能。在这篇文章中，全面讨论了使用质谱分析对海洋资源中的甘油三酯 (TAG) 和磷脂 (PL) 物种进行鉴定和量化，以及它们的生理作用和对人体的健康有益影响。而且，本综述强调了定量分析中由碳数差异和 TAG 和 PL 物种不饱和引起的同位素反卷积和仪器响应的重要性。在海洋分类群中检测到的大多数 TAG 和 PL 具有高比例的多不饱和 ω3 长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCPUFA，≥C₂₀）特别是二十碳五烯酸（EPA，20：5ω3）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA，22：6ω3），表明含有EPA和DHA的甘油脂种类的数量和结构多样性。本综述还讨论了用 ω3 LCPUFA 酯化的 TAG 和 PL 物种对健康的影响。鉴于近几十年来大多数渔业科学和水产养殖研究主要集中在从母体分子释放后的 ω3 LCPUFA，以 TAG 和 PL 形式讨论 ω3 LCPUFA 对健康的影响扩展了对 ω3 脂肪酸生物活性的理解。自然。