Abstract

The genus Nyctiphanes G.O. Sars, 1883 (Euphausiacea, Euphausiidae) includes four extant species. These species are a conspicuous component of trophic webs of coastal marine ecosystems due to their abundance, the formation of dense aggregations, swarms, and schools, fast growth, and high reproductive rates. They dominate the bulk biomass in eutrophic Eastern Boundaries System and subtropical mesotrophic habitats, with estimates of 30–40% of the total zooplankton biomass. Species of Nyctiphanes are efficient omnivores and conversely prey for a large number of zooplanktonic and nektonic species. We review current knowledge of the biogeography, reproductive biology, physiology, biochemistry, ecology, and parasitology of the four species of Nyctiphanes. Most published information on Nyctiphanes focuses on the two species from the Pacific Ocean, N. australis G.O. Sars, 1883 and N. simplex Hansen, 1911, and considerably less is known on the biology and ecology of N. couchii (Bell, 1853) and N. capensis Hansen, 1911 from the Atlantic Ocean. Knowledge on the biology and ecology of the species of Nyctiphanes is still behind what is currently known for species of krill, particularly compared to Euphausia Dana, 1850 and Thysanoessa Brandt, 1851, and new multi-focal studies on the effects that environmental variables have on reproductive aspects, survival, growth, and physiology are especially critical to address under future environmental change.

中文翻译：

---

磷虾属Nyctiphanes GO Sars的生物学综述，1883年（Euphausiacea：Euphausiidae）：未来环境变化研究的挑战

摘要

Nyctiphanes GO Sars属（1883）（Euphausiacea，Euphausiidae）包括四个现存种。这些物种由于其丰富，密集的聚集体，群和学校的形成，快速生长和高繁殖率而成为沿海海洋生态系统营养网的显着组成部分。它们在富营养化东部边界系统和亚热带中营养生境中占据了大部分生物量，估计占浮游动物总生物量的30–40％。Nyctiphanes的物种是有效的杂食动物，反之则是许多浮游动物和nektonic物种的猎物。我们回顾了目前对尼替芬的四种物种的生物地理学，生殖生物学，生理学，生物化学，生态学和寄生虫学的知识。在大多数公布的信息Nyctiphanes侧重于从太平洋，这两个物种N.芦苇GO SARS，1883年和N.单汉森，1911年，并大大减少被称为上的生物学和生态学N. couchii（贝尔，1853年）和N. capensis Hansen，1911年，来自大西洋。知识上的物种的生物学和生态学Nyctiphanes还在后面什么是目前已知的磷虾的物种，特别是相对于磷虾德纳，1850 Thysanoessa 勃兰特（Brandt），1851年，以及有关环境变量对生殖，生存，生长和生理的影响的新的多焦点研究，对于应对未来的环境变化尤其重要。