Land use land cover (LULC) transformation and ecosystems service valuation (ESVs) play important roles for vegetation restoration and design restoration options such as payment for ecosystems service programs. The objective of this work was to quantify LULC transformations and associated ESVs in the Gojeb sub-basin by analyzing LULC between 1986 and 2016 using satellite images, field observations and ancillary datasets. And Ecosystems service valuations of different land use types were carried out using benefit transfer method. The summarized LULC classes are: bareland, cropland, grassland, forest, plantation, settlement, shrub, water-body and woodland. The ESVs were evaluated for each LULC based on these LULC classes. Forests had the highest cover (> 423,000 ha ~ 60%) in 1986 but it reduced to 317,000 ha (~ 45%) in 2016. About > 56,000 ha of forests were changed to cultivated land, and > 105,000 ha to different classes. Cultivated land increased to > 258,000 ha (~ 37%) in 2016 compared to 150,000 ha (~ 21.5%) in 1986. The sub-basin had ESVs of US$2.52 billion in 1986 but decreased to US$ 1.97 billion in 2016; losing about US$ 0.551 billion within the last 30 years (annual loss rate of US$ 18.4 million). Potential drivers would be agricultural expansion, land degradation/erosion, landslide and deforestation, indicating that requires concerted effort to restore and manage landscapes for sustainable socio-ecological and economic uses. This study is meaningful for management of natural resources in the catchment, improvement of hydropower production and lifespan of the hydropower reservoir besides to improving land productivity for small holder farmers as hydrological cycles and biodiversity components of the catchment can be improved. This study assist policy makers in designing evidence-based programs such as payment for ecosystem services in the study area and elsewhere.

中文翻译：

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评估埃塞俄比亚西南部Gojeb流域土地利用转型带来的生态系统服务价值

土地利用土地覆盖（LULC）转换和生态系统服务评估（ESV）在植被恢复和设计恢复方案（例如为生态系统服务计划付款）中起着重要作用。这项工作的目的是通过使用卫星图像，现场观测和辅助数据集分析1986年至2016年之间的LULC来量化Gojeb子盆地中的LULC变换和相关的ESV。运用收益转移法进行了不同土地利用类型的生态系统服务价值评估。LULC的归类为：荒地，农田，草原，森林，人工林，定居地，灌木，水体和林地。根据这些LULC类别对每个LULC的ESV进行了评估。1986年森林覆盖率最高（> 423,000公顷〜60％），但到2016年减少到317,000公顷（〜45％）。大约> 56 将000公顷的森林改为耕地，将超过105,000公顷的森林分为不同等级。与1986年的150,000公顷（约21.5％）相比，2016年的耕地面积增加到258,000公顷（约占37％）。该流域的ESV在1986年为25.2亿美元，但在2016年降至19.7亿美元。在过去30年中损失了约5.51亿美元（年损失率为1,840万美元）。潜在的驱动因素将是农业扩张，土地退化/侵蚀，山体滑坡和森林砍伐，这表明需要共同努力来恢复和管理景观，以实现可持续的社会生态和经济用途。这项研究对于流域自然资源的管理具有重要意义，除了可以改善小农户的土地生产力外，还可以改善水电生产和水库的寿命，因为可以改善流域的水文循环和生物多样性组成部分。这项研究帮助政策制定者设计基于证据的计划，例如研究区域和其他地方的生态系统服务付款。