Primary aim of the current randomized controlled trial was to test the effectiveness of the parenting intervention ‘Video-feedback to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline’ (VIPP-SD) in a sample of parents of preschool-aged twins, as well as differential susceptibility to intervention efforts, that is, whether more temperamentally reactive parents would profit more from the VIPP-SD than parents with lower reactivity. The sample consisted of 202 families with same-sex twins [N = 404 children, mean age 45 months (SD = 6.81)]. Randomization was done at the family level in a 2:3 ratio, with 83 families (41%) randomized to the VIPP-SD group, and 119 families (59%) to the control group. After two pre-tests in year 1 and year 2 of the study, the VIPP-SD was implemented in the third year, with a post-test assessment 1 month after the five intervention sessions. Parental sensitivity was observed during structured play in which parent and child copied a drawing together in a computerized Etch-A-Sketch paradigm. Parental limit-setting was observed in a ‘don’t touch’ task in which the parent required from the child to abstain from playing with attractive toys. Parents interacted with each of their twins in separate sessions. The VIPP-SD intervention had a positive impact on the level of parents’ positive limit-setting in interaction with their preschool twins, and this positive effect was most pronounced when the parents completed at least five intervention sessions. However, the intervention did not enhance parental sensitivity during structured play. Parents with higher reactivity were not more open to the impact of the intervention, thus for this temperamental marker differential susceptibility in adults was not supported. The current study is unique in targeting families with twin preschoolers, providing proof of principle that coaching parents with video-feedback promotes parental sensitive limit-setting to both children. It remains to be seen whether this finding can be replicated in families with non-twin siblings, or other parental susceptibility markers. Trial registration Trial NL5172 (NTR5312), 2015-07-20.

中文翻译：

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视频反馈促进双胞胎学龄前儿童父母的敏感限制设定：一项随机对照试验


当前随机对照试验的主要目的是测试“视频反馈促进积极养育和敏感管教”（VIPP-SD）育儿干预措施在学龄前双胞胎父母样本中的有效性，以及不同的易感性干预措施，即性情反应性更强的父母是否会比反应性较低的父母从 VIPP-SD 中获益更多。样本由 202 个有同性双胞胎的家庭组成 [N = 404 名儿童，平均年龄 45 个月 (SD = 6.81)]。在家庭层面以 2:3 的比例进行随机分组，83 个家庭 (41%) 随机分配到 VIPP-SD 组，119 个家庭 (59%) 分配到对照组。经过研究第一年和第二年的两次预测试，第三年实施VIPP-SD，并在五次干预课程后1个月进行测试后评估。在结构化游戏中观察到父母的敏感性，其中父母和孩子以计算机化的蚀刻草图范式一起复制图画。在“不要碰”任务中观察到了父母的限制设置，其中父母要求孩子不要玩有吸引力的玩具。父母在单独的会议中与每个双胞胎互动。 VIPP-SD 干预对父母与学龄前双胞胎互动的积极限制设定水平产生积极影响，并且当父母完成至少五次干预课程时，这种积极影响最为明显。然而，干预并没有增强父母在结构化游戏中的敏感性。反应性较高的父母对干预措施的影响并没有更开放的态度，因此对于这种气质标记，成人的易感性差异不被支持。 目前的研究在针对有双胞胎学龄前儿童的家庭方面是独一无二的，提供了原理证明，即通过视频反馈指导父母可以促进父母对两个孩子设定敏感的限制。这一发现是否可以在有非双胞胎兄弟姐妹或其他父母易感性标记的家庭中得到复制还有待观察。试用注册试用NL5172（NTR5312），2015-07-20。