Coral reefs are among the world's most productive and biologically diverse ecosystems. In recent decades, they have experienced an unparalleled decline resulting from various anthropogenically induced stressors. Ultraviolet (UV) filters found in personal care products, such as sunscreen, are chemical pollutants that are emerging as a growing toxic threat to reef organisms. In this study, a systematic literature review was conducted to (1) determine the current understanding of spatial distribution and the occurrence of UV filters exposed to the marine environment, (2) synthesize current ecotoxicological thresholds of relevant reef organisms under various UV-filter exposures, (3) identify research gaps related to both exposure and toxicity of UV filters in coral reef ecosystems. With gaps identified, a survey was developed and distributed to experts in the field representing academic, governmental, not-for-profit, and industry researchers in order to prioritize research gaps and inform future research efforts. The survey identified the need for better understanding of the impacts of co-stressors, long-term exposure, mixture, and degradation product exposure and realistic environmental conditions. Ultimately, this review will help guide priority research efforts to understand the risks of UV-filter exposure to coral reef ecosystems. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:967–981. © 2021 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

中文翻译：

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调查化学紫外线过滤剂对珊瑚礁生态系统的暴露和影响：审查和研究差距优先排序

珊瑚礁是世界上生产力最高、生物多样性最高的生态系统之一。近几十年来，由于各种人为诱发的压力源，他们经历了空前的衰退。防晒霜等个人护理产品中的紫外线 (UV) 过滤器是一种化学污染物，对珊瑚礁生物的毒性威胁越来越大。在这项研究中，进行了系统的文献回顾，以 (1) 确定当前对空间分布的理解和暴露于海洋环境的紫外线过滤器的发生情况，(2) 综合各种紫外线过滤器暴露下相关珊瑚礁生物的当前生态毒理学阈值, (3) 确定与珊瑚礁生态系统中紫外线过滤剂的暴露和毒性相关的研究空白。发现差距后，制定了一项调查并将其分发给代表学术界、政府部门、非营利组织和行业研究人员的该领域专家，以便确定研究差距的优先次序并为未来的研究工作提供信息。该调查确定需要更好地了解共同压力源、长期接触、混合物和降解产物接触以及现实环境条件的影响。最终，这项审查将有助于指导优先研究工作，以了解紫外线过滤器暴露于珊瑚礁生态系统的风险。和降解产物暴露和现实环境条件。最终，这项审查将有助于指导优先研究工作，以了解紫外线过滤器暴露于珊瑚礁生态系统的风险。和降解产物暴露和现实环境条件。最终，这项审查将有助于指导优先研究工作，以了解紫外线过滤器暴露于珊瑚礁生态系统的风险。Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021；17：967-981。© 2021 作者。综合环境评估和管理由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表环境毒理学与化学学会 (SETAC) 发布。