SUMMARY

The production quantity of poultry products is increasing in the world economy with every passing day. The increase in chick quality is synonymous with the increase in the number of saleable chicks in terms of the poultry industry. In addition, in order to obtain high-quality products, one should start production with high-quality chicks as well as providing the ideal environmental conditions starting from the first day of incubation. The additive gene effects on chick quality are very low, whereas environmental factors have a large effect. Environmental factors affecting chick quality can be classified as egg storage period and conditions, age and genotype of breeder flock, incubation conditions, incubation types and post-hatch handling. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are used to determine chick quality. The quantitative methods employed include such morphological measurements as chick weight, chick length, leg length, chest circumference, and the diameter of shank. The qualitative methods used to determine chick quality are visual assessment-based methods which are called the Pasgar score and the Tona score. In recent years, the Tona and Pasgar methods have been used frequently in studies carried out with respect to measuring the effects of various environmental practices on chick quality. This paper aims to review the studies carried out concerning chick quality, the factors influencing chick quality, and the determination of chick quality and makes some suggestions for future studies to be conducted on chick quality assessment.

概括

禽类产品的产量在世界经济中与日俱增。就家禽业而言，雏鸡质量的提高与可销售雏鸡数量的增加是同义的。此外，为了获得高质量的产品，从孵化的第一天开始，就应该从高质量的雏鸡开始生产，并提供理想的环境条件。加性基因对雏鸡品质的影响非常低，而环境因素有很大的影响。影响雏鸡质量的环境因素可分为蛋储存期和条件、种鸡群的年龄和基因型、孵化条件、孵化类型和孵化后处理。定量和定性方法都用于确定雏鸡质量。所采用的定量方法包括雏鸡体重、雏鸡长度、腿长、胸围和小腿直径等形态学测量。用于确定雏鸡质量的定性方法是基于视觉评估的方法，称为 Pasgar 评分和 Tona 评分。近年来，Tona 和 Pasgar 方法经常用于测量各种环境实践对雏鸡质量影响的研究中。本文旨在回顾关于雏鸡质量、影响雏鸡质量的因素和确定雏鸡质量的研究，并为今后开展雏鸡质量评估的研究提出一些建议。和刀柄的直径。用于确定雏鸡质量的定性方法是基于视觉评估的方法，称为 Pasgar 评分和 Tona 评分。近年来，Tona 和 Pasgar 方法经常用于测量各种环境实践对雏鸡质量影响的研究中。本文旨在回顾关于雏鸡质量、影响雏鸡质量的因素和确定雏鸡质量的研究，并为今后开展雏鸡质量评估的研究提出一些建议。和刀柄的直径。用于确定雏鸡质量的定性方法是基于视觉评估的方法，称为 Pasgar 评分和 Tona 评分。近年来，Tona 和 Pasgar 方法经常用于测量各种环境实践对雏鸡质量影响的研究中。本文旨在回顾关于雏鸡质量、影响雏鸡质量的因素和确定雏鸡质量的研究，并为今后开展雏鸡质量评估的研究提出一些建议。Tona 和 Pasgar 方法经常用于测量各种环境实践对雏鸡质量影响的研究中。本文旨在回顾关于雏鸡质量、影响雏鸡质量的因素和确定雏鸡质量的研究，并为今后开展雏鸡质量评估的研究提出一些建议。Tona 和 Pasgar 方法经常用于测量各种环境实践对雏鸡质量影响的研究中。本文旨在回顾关于雏鸡质量、影响雏鸡质量的因素和确定雏鸡质量的研究，并为今后开展雏鸡质量评估的研究提出一些建议。