Optical fiber sensing technology has developed rapidly since the 1980s with the development of the optical fiber and fiber optical communication technology. It is a new type of sensing technology that uses light as a carrier and optical fiber as a medium to sense and transmit external signals (measurands). Distributed fiber optical sensors (DFOS) can continuously measure the external physical parameters distributed along the geometric path of the optical fiber. Meanwhile, the spatial distribution and change information of the measured physical parameters over time can be obtained. This technology has unmatched advantages over traditional point-wise and electrical measurement monitoring technologies. This paper summarizes the state-of-the-art research of the application of the distributed optical fiber sensing technology in geo-engineering in the past 10 years, mainly including the advantages of DFOS, the challenges in geo-engineering monitoring, related fundamental theoretical issues, sensing performance of the optical sensing cables, distributed optical fiber monitoring system for geo-engineering, and applications of optical fiber sensing technology in geo-engineering.

自1980年代以来，随着光纤和光纤通信技术的发展，光纤传感技术得到了飞速发展。这是一种新型的传感技术，它使用光作为载体，并使用光纤作为介质来传感和传输外部信号（被测量物）。分布式光纤传感器（DFOS）可以连续测量沿光纤几何路径分布的外部物理参数。同时，可以获得所测量的物理参数随时间的空间分布和变化信息。与传统的逐点和电气测量监控技术相比，该技术具有无与伦比的优势。