Rose is sensitive to high temperature which will make the rose go into a semi-dormancy state. Grafting is an excellent way to enhance rose heat tolerance. Here, heat-tolerant Rosa multiflora ‘Huanong Wuci 1′ (W) and heat-sensitive Rosa chinensis ‘Old Blush’ (X) were selected as experimental materials. The RNA-seq technique was used to investigate the transcriptomes of self-root grafting line (XX0), heterogeneous grafting line (XW0), self-root grafting line under 6 h heat stress (XX6), and heterogeneous grafting line under 6 h heat stress (XW6). Under high temperature stress, multiple signaling pathways were activated, moreover, a large number of transcription factors and functional genes were induced, especially the HSFs and HSPs with remarkably upregulated expression levels. The GO analysis showed that the differences in the expressions of the genes related to fatty acids and carbohydrates were observed between self-root grafting line and heterogeneous grafting line. In addition, 14 P450s were differentially expressed, and one lectin gene was up-regulated in XW0 vs XW6, but down-regulated in XX0 vs XX6. Considering physiological and biochemical traits such as relative electrolyte leakage, SOD activity, proline, and total soluble sugars, DEGs involved in these processes may be key factors to resist high temperature. The present study provides an insight into the complex mechanism underlying grafting in response to heat stress. Our results indicate that grafting is an effective way to improve rose heat resistance.

玫瑰对高温敏感，这会使玫瑰进入半休眠状态。接枝是增强玫瑰耐热性的极好方法。在这里，选择耐热的蔷薇科植物'Huanong Wuci 1'（W）和热敏感的蔷薇科植物'Old Blush'（X）作为实验材料。RNA-seq技术用于研究自根嫁接系（XX0），异质嫁接系（XW0），6 h热胁迫（XX6）下自根嫁接系和6 h加热下的异质嫁接系的转录组压力（XW6）。在高温胁迫下，多种信号通路被激活，此外，还诱导了许多转录因子和功能基因，特别是HSF和HSP。表达水平明显上调。GO分析表明，自根嫁接系与异质嫁接系之间存在脂肪酸和糖类相关基因的表达差异。此外，14个P450基因差异表达，并在XW0一个凝集素基因的上调VS XW6，但在XX0下调VSXX6。考虑到生理和生化特性，例如相对电解质泄漏，SOD活性，脯氨酸和总可溶性糖，涉及这些过程的DEG可能是抵抗高温的关键因素。本研究提供了对接枝响应热应激的复杂机制的见解。我们的结果表明，接枝是提高玫瑰耐热性的有效方法。