In view of the growing need for clean energy, supercapacitors (SC), especially those based on activated carbon (AC) and organic electrolyte are attracting great attention for their theoretically infinite life span. However, they still age much faster than expected due to certain mechanisms. Several researches is being conducted to understand these mechanisms, but so far, the chemical reactions at the phase boundary of the activated carbon electrodes and organic electrolyte have been very unclear. Some pathways have not yet been investigated; there is no research on the reactions that can take place between acetonitrile in the vapor phase and the oxides presented on the surface of activated carbons. For this reason, in this study, divided into two parts, the first based on a thermal simulation and the second based on an experimental study, we have systematically described the ageing mechanisms by determining the gas-phase reactions that can occur at the electrode–electrolyte interface. On the one hand, a thermal model of a supercapacitor cell using activated carbon and organic electrolyte technology has been developed. This model allowed us to study the temperature distribution of supercapacitors, and thus to determine the thermodynamic parameters related to the phenomena produced at the electrode–electrolyte interface. On the other hand, a thermo-gravimetric analysis coupled with gas phase infrared spectroscopy on the activated carbons of an aged supercapacitor of the same technology as that used in the simulation was carried out. The results obtained made it possible to identify the chemical groups produced by ageing.

鉴于对清洁能源的需求不断增长，超级电容器（SC），尤其是基于活性炭（AC）和有机电解质的超级电容器，由于其理论上的无限使用寿命而备受关注，但由于某些原因，它们的老化速度仍比预期的要快得多。机制。为了理解这些机理正在进行了一些研究，但是到目前为止，在活性炭电极和有机电解质的相界处的化学反应还很不清楚。一些途径尚未被研究。没有研究气相中的乙腈与活性炭表面上存在的氧化物之间可能发生的反应。因此，在本研究中，分为两部分，第一部分基于热模拟，第二部分基于实验研究，我们通过确定可能在电极-电解质界面发生的气相反应，系统地描述了老化机理。一方面，已经开发了使用活性炭和有机电解质技术的超级电容器电池的热模型。该模型使我们能够研究超级电容器的温度分布，从而确定与电极-电解质界面产生的现象相关的热力学参数。另一方面，对老化的超级电容器的活性炭进行了热重分析和气相红外光谱分析，该技术与模拟中使用的技术相同。所获得的结果使得鉴定老化产生的化学基团成为可能。