The role of MYBA transcription factors in anthocyanin biosynthesis has been established in many plants including grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.); however, not all of the target genes of MYBAs in grapevine have been elucidated. The aim of this study was therefore to identify targets of VvMYBAs by using berry skin from a red grape (Pinot Noir) and its white mutant (Pinot Blanc), and from white grapes (Italia and Muscat of Alexandria) and their red mutants (Benitaka and Flame Muscat). First, microarray and reverse-transcription real-time PCR data revealed that, in addition to the anthocyanin specific biosynthetic genes, i.e. UDP-glucose flavonoid:3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) and O-methyltransferase (OMT), a gene involved in anthocyanin transfer into vacuoles, i.e. glutathione S-transferase (GST), as well as flavonoid-3’,5’-hydroxylase (F3’,5’H) were highly upregulated in red grapes. From collective findings, it is likely that these genes are probably induced only by VvMYBAs. By contrast, genes involved in upstream flavonoid biosynthesis, such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase 3 (CHS3), flavanone-3-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), and leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX), were expressed in white grapes and moderately upregulated in red grapes. These genes seem to be induced by both VvMYBAs and other transcription factors. The electrophoretic mobility shift assays results revealed that VvMYBA1 and/or VvMYBA2 proteins interact with the promoter region of UFGT, CHS3, and LDOX. Collectively, our findings suggest that VvMYBAs regulate the expression of all genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, and that VvMYBA protein directly interacts with not only UFGT, but also CHS3 and LDOX.

的MYBA转录因子在花青素合成中的作用已建立了许多植物，包括葡萄（葡萄L.）; 然而，并非所有葡萄中MYBA的靶基因都已经阐明。因此，本研究的目的是通过使用来自红葡萄（黑皮诺），其白色突变体（白皮诺），以及白葡萄（意大利和亚历山大的马斯喀特）及其红色突变体（贝尼塔卡）的浆果皮来鉴定VvMYBA的靶标。和Flame Muscat）。首先，微阵列和逆转录实时PCR数据显示，除花青素特异的生物合成基因外，即UDP-葡萄糖类黄酮：3- O-葡萄糖基转移酶（UFGT）和O-甲基转移酶（OMT），一种涉及花青素转移到液泡中的基因，即谷胱甘肽S红葡萄中的α-转移酶（GST）以及类黄酮3'，5'-羟化酶（F3'，5'H）都高度上调。根据集体发现，这些基因可能仅由VvMYBAs诱导。相比之下，参与上游类黄酮生物合成的基因，例如苯丙氨酸氨裂合酶（PAL），查尔酮合酶3（CHS3），黄烷酮-3-羟化酶（F3H），二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶（DFR）和白花色素苷双加氧酶（LDOX） ，在白葡萄中表达，并在红葡萄中适度上调。这些基因似乎由VvMYBA和其他转录因子诱导。电泳迁移率变动分析结果表明，VvMYBA1和/或VvMYBA2蛋白与UFGT，CHS3和LDOX的启动子区域相互作用。总的来说，