Graves' disease (GD) and toxic multinodular goitre (TMNG) are the most common thyroid diseases which mainly lead to thyrotoxicosis, however, the underlying mechanism of distinct clinical presentations remains unclear. Protein extracts from the thyroid tissue specimens of the patients with GD and TMNG were subjected to Difference Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE). Differentially regulated protein spots were determined by image analysis, and the spots displaying statistically significant differences were identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (MALDI-TOF) followed by MASCOT search. Western blot analysis was used to verify changes occurring at the protein levels. The identified proteins were classified based on their functions in metabolic pathways using bioinformatics algorithms. Fifteen proteins showed significant alterations in abundance between the two disease groups. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the differentially regulated proteins were particularly related to catabolism, oxidative stress and especially energy utilization pathways, including glycolysis, proteolysis, ketone body catabolism and other energy metabolism-related pathways.

中文翻译：

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甲状腺组织的蛋白质组学分析显示，与毒性多结节性甲状腺肿相比，格雷夫斯病的分解代谢活性增强

格雷夫斯病（GD）和中毒性多结节性甲状腺肿（TMNG）是最常见的甲状腺疾病，主要导致甲状腺毒症，但不同临床表现的潜在机制尚不清楚。对GD和TMNG患者甲状腺组织标本的蛋白质提取物进行差异凝胶电泳（DIGE）。通过图像分析确定差异调节的蛋白质斑点，并通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱仪 (MALDI-TOF) 和 MASCOT 搜索确定显示出统计学显着差异的斑点。蛋白质印迹分析用于验证蛋白质水平上发生的变化。使用生物信息学算法根据它们在代谢途径中的功能对鉴定的蛋白质进行分类。15 种蛋白质在两个疾病组之间显示出显着的丰度变化。生物信息学分析表明，差异调节的蛋白质与分解代谢、氧化应激尤其是能量利用途径有关，包括糖酵解、蛋白水解、酮体分解代谢和其他能量代谢相关途径。