Literature linking aggressive behavior across internalizing and externalizing disorders support the co-occurrence of aggression and various mental health diagnoses. However, research has yet to examine relationships between aggression and dimensional psychopathology models that cut across diagnostic boundaries (e.g., internalizing, externalizing composites) and capture shared liability across common disorders. The role of gender has also been largely ignored in prior work, despite evidence that men and women manifest psychopathology differently. The present study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between psychopathology composites (i.e., Internalizing, Externalizing) and different manifestations of physical aggression (i.e., aggressive traits, general violence, physical intimate partner violence, and self-directed aggression), as well as moderation by gender. Internalizing (INT) and Externalizing (EXT) lifetime symptoms and various physically aggressive behaviors were assessed at baseline and at 6 months and 1 year follow up in a sample of 319 adults with violence and/or substance use histories. Cross-sectional results showed that INT was associated with all forms of aggression, and women showed stronger relationships between INT and both physical intimate partner violence (IPV) and self-directed aggression. EXT was specifically linked to general violence, and a stronger relationship between EXT and self-directed aggression emerged in men compared to women. Longitudinal relationships were mostly small and nonsignificant. Results support the co-occurrence of aggression with distinct forms of psychopathology, as well as gender-dependent relationships, but do not support the predictive validity of symptom composites in aggression risk. Findings implicate the need for aggression interventions tailored within gender.

中文翻译：

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内化和外化男性和女性的症状、侵略和暴力

将攻击行为与内化和外化障碍联系起来的文献支持攻击和各种心理健康诊断的共同发生。然而，研究尚未检查攻击性与跨越诊断边界（例如，内化、外化复合物）并捕获常见疾病的共同责任的多维精神病理学模型之间的关系。尽管有证据表明男性和女性的精神病理学表现不同，但在以前的工作中，性别的作用在很大程度上也被忽视了。本研究检查了精神病理学复合体（即内化、外化）与身体攻击的不同表现（即攻击性特征、一般暴力、身体亲密伴侣暴力和自我攻击）之间的横断面和纵向关系，以及按性别进行适度。在 319 名有暴力和/或物质使用史的成年人样本中，在基线和 6 个月和 1 年的随访中评估了内化 (INT) 和外化 (EXT) 终生症状和各种身体攻击行为。横断面结果显示 INT 与所有形式的侵略有关，女性在 INT 与身体亲密伴侣暴力 (IPV) 和自我攻击之间表现出更强的关系。EXT 与一般暴力特别相关，与女性相比，EXT 与自我攻击之间的关系在男性中更为明显。纵向关系大多很小且不显着。结果支持攻击与不同形式的精神病理学以及性别依赖关系的共同发生，但不支持症状组合在攻击风险中的预测有效性。调查结果表明需要针对性别量身定制侵略性干预措施。